الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
CUR-L-CH NPs was prepared by inotropic gelation method based on electrostatic interaction between negatively and positively charged molecules such as poly anionic (tripolyphosphate) and cationic polymers (chitosan).
Characterization of the prepared CUR-L-CH NPs was done by TEM, IR and Zeta potential. The TEM images of CUR-L-CH NPs showed spherical shape and most of the particles have a size range of 25-65 nm. Zeta potential of CUR-L-CH NPs was -22 mV instead of 45.3 mV of chitosan itself. The value of Zeta potential of CUR-L-CH NPs shows the high stability of the NPs in suspension.
Third instar susceptible larvae of Cx. pipiens were used in the bioassay test of spinetoram 12% SC and the LC50 values were recorded after 24 and 48 hr. The results show, after 24 hr spinetoram shows high larvicidal effect (LC50 =2.458 ppb) and after 48 hr (LC50 = 0.4813 ppb). while that of CUR-L-CH NPs after 24 hr, has larvicidal effect (LC50 = 48.08 ppm) and (LC50 = 38.07 ppm) after 48 hr.
Eco toxicity endpoints value after exposure of P.subcapitata to our formulation (CUR-L-CH NPs) was studied. The sensitivity expressed as E50 value for CUR-L-CH NPs) was 5.379 mg/l and the EC50 value of spinetoram12% SC was 32.585 mg/l. These results showed that CUR-L-CH NPs was more harmful to aquatic organisms than spinetoram 12% sc. According to US-EPA, the prepared formula can be classified as moderately toxic to aquatic organisms (1-10 ppm) (++).
In vitro oral toxicity tests were done on male albino rats. Regarding the effect 400mg ̸ kg of curcumin on body weight of male albino rats, we found that there is no significant effect of application of neither CUR nor 50 mg ̸ kg of CUR-L-CH NPs on the body weight of treated animals as compared to controls. Administration of CUR and CUR-L-CH NPs caused a significant decrease in total hemoglobin content, hematocrit and MCHC in treated animals as compared to controls. While, CUR and CUR-L-CH NPs administration caused a significant increase in MCHC versus controlled group. Regarding the effect of CUR and CUR-L-CH NPs on the total leukocyte count, CUR and CUR-L-CH NPs application did alter the number of white blood cells and the TNF level compared to controls. Oral administration of CUR and CUR-L-CH NPs altered serum ALT and AST levels but not ALP levels in male albino rats. No effect on kidney functions in CUR-treated groups were found compared to controls. CUR and CUR-L-CH NPs administration did not alter the levels of GSH and MDA in treated animals as compared to controls.