الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study was carried to establish three-dimensional soft tissue normative data for Egyptian adults with balanced faces and near to normal occlusion, and studying the sex difference as well. A cross sectional observational study was performed on 37
Egyptian adult subjects (18-25 y) having balanced facial proportions and Angle`s class I molar & canine relationship. The sample was collected from Cairo University undergraduate’s and post graduate students from Faculty of Dentistry and Faculty of Medicine. The data were obtained using i-CAT CBCT machine, a sample of 37 CBCT images were collected. The subject`s head was oriented before imaging in the natural head position. Three-dimensional assessment was performed by Anatomage 5.3 software. Landmarks and measurements was constructed on the software for performing the analysis. In addition, the landmarks were added to the images to execute the analysis. Inter- and intra-observer reliability was confirmed after 3D landmarks identification of the whole sample as it was conducted by the 1st observer (the researcher), which was done twice with a week gap between both attempts and once by the 2nd observer (M.H).
The collected data from CBCT images were statistically analyzed to obtain the followings; Means, standard deviations, sex difference for all the linear, angular measurements and ratios. Moreover, new suggested analysis was done by the researchers. Transverse correlation analysis was measured also in this study for Egyptian adults.
After analyzing the results of the current study, the following conclusions could be obtained:
1-The present study established Egyptian adult standards regarding soft tissue analysis from three-dimensional (CBCT) images that will aid in diagnosis and treatment planning.
2- Statistically significant longer upper lip length in males than females and increase in the distance between the subnasale and upper lip median landmark, this increase was almost 2mm.
3- Statistically significant increase in the facial height in males than females as it reasoned by increase in the lower third of the face in Egyptian males.
4-Comparing the ratios between middle and lower facial thirds it showed homogeneity of facial thirds of both genders with no statistical significant difference between Egyptian males and females.
5-Egyptian males had thicker lips compared to females.
6-Egyptian females showed statistically increase in naso-frontal angle, as males had longer and more prominent nose.
7-The ratio between upper face width (Exocanthous width) and nasal width showed statistically significant difference between Egyptian males and females, as males had larger skull than females.
8-Egyptian females showed retruded lips than males as it was shown between the ratio of Ls and Li in the new suggested analysis.
9-Regarding the new suggested analysis the ratios showed no statistically significant difference between both genders, which reveals homogeneity of facial components of each gender.
10-Transverse correlation analysis showed almost similar distance measurement in both Tragions and chellions of the right and left sides.
11-Upper lip median showed smaller deviation from soft tissue nasion plane, followed by pronasale, then soft tissue pogonion landmark. However, it reveals more Asymmetry in the lower third of the face.
12-Statistical significant difference in most of the linear transverse correlation measurements used in the current study, which showed higher values in Egyptian males as it is due to anatomical variation between both genders.