الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
This study aimed to compare between manifest, cycloplegic and wavefront
refraction in different grades of myopia.
All grades of mypia were included (low, moderate and high myopia) with cylinder
≤ -1.5 D.
100 myopic eyes were included. The data collected included: age, sex,
manifest refraction, cycloplegic refraction and wavefront refraction.
Manifest refraction was acquired by autorefractometer (NideK) 3 times trial
and best corrected visual acuity is acquired. A monocular subjective refraction was
performed on all subjects to an accuracy of ±0.25 D for sphere and cylinder
powers. Cycloplegic refraction was acquired after applying cyclopentolate eye
drops 1% for an hour. Wavefront refraction was acquired by the iDesign
aberrometer (Hartmann Shack Aberrometer) (Visx, USA) using a 32 × 32 lenslet
array and near infra-red light with a wavelength of 780 nm. All aberrometry
measurements were made within 2 mins of completing the subjective refraction
routine and pupil size measurements. Wavefront errors were recorded under
monocular conditions with the room lighting switched off.
Our results showed that the wavefront method shows higher values for each
of sphere, cylinder and spherical equivalent, followed by manifest and lastly
cycloplegic method in all grades of myopia.
Conclusion
Regarding the three methods of refraction (manifest, cycloplegic and
wavefront), our results showed that the wavefront refraction acquired by the
iDesign aberrometer (Hartmann Shack Aberrometer) shows higher values for each
of sphere, cylinder and spherical equivalent, followed by manifest refraction
acquired by autorefractometer (NideK) and lastly cycloplegic refraction in all
grades of myopia.