الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Toxoplasma infection can cause severe consequences during pregnancy and immunodeficient hosts, yet no effective drug therapy has been approved till now. Thus, evaluation of new potential drugs against toxoplasmosis is increasingly necessary. In the present study, the efficacy of silver and chitosan nanoparticles loaded spiramycin were evaluated in mice infected with toxoplasmosis. The study was conducted on 160 laboratory CD1 mice with a weight range of 20-25 gm. The animals male were provided by the Schistosome biological supply program (SBSP) at Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI).The normal control group contained 10 mice. The rest of the experimental animals were divided to 10 groups each group contained 15 mice. RH virulent strains of T. gondii were injected intra peritoneal in Swiss albino mice for acute infection 103 viable tachyzoites / mice. The administration doses of drug was orally given to mice started from the first day to the seventh day post-infection. group (1) uninfected non- treated (the normal-control group)while group (2) infected non-treated group (the infected-control group)and group (3) infected and received spiramycin drug while group (4) infected treated with v by the fourth day post infection, several symptoms were observed in all infected mice belong to the different studied groups. The percentage of reduction in the number of T. gondii tachyzoites after seven days of treatment with the combined therapy gave best results than single treatment. The percentage of reduction in the number of T. gondii after treatment by spiramycin was lowest statistically significant (p<0.05). While the percentages of reduction in the number of T. gondii tachyzoites after treatment by spiramycin combined chitosan and silver nanoparticles was highly statistically significant (p<0.001). Seven days post treatment all infected treated mice groups showed reduction in level of IgM. However, all groups receiving silver NPs showed significant decrease in level of IgM. Serum circulating cytokines IFN-γ, were increased during the infection and treatment period in mice groups when compared to the control normal group. This was more pronounced in group treated by spiramycin combined CS NPs and Ag NPs. While TNF- α levels were found to be decreased in all treated groups as compared to infected control group.Also the toxicity concentrations of nanoparticles in liver and kidney tissues homogenate was assessed, the results indicated increase of glutathione level while the levels of malondialdahyde were decreased significantly in the all treated groups by nanoparticles. Major histological changes were observed in liver of infected group associated with severe changes, while many histological alterations were enormously reduced in all groups after treatment, Liver sections of infected mice treated with spiramycin combined nanochitosan revealed some moderate pathological changes such as inflammatory cellular infiltrations and fatty degeneration in some hepatocytes, while all group after treatment by silver nanoparticles revealed mild pathological changes in the liver. |