الفهرس 
Acknowledgments
Chemical analysis techniquesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present Study is focusing on El-Hassaya wells as a case study. The site has been set towork in 1960 and has been subjected to the maintenance phases, in 2002 was the last one thewells are extracting water from the Quaternary aquifer.The Quaternary aquifer consists of unconsolidated materials of sands, gravels and clays.These sediments are underlain by a thick bed of clay which is considered to acts as animpervious base for groundwater flow. The aquifer has a thickness that ranges between 80and 120 meters.The area is located in the transition zone between the Western Desert and the Nile Valley
with topography follows the northeast slopes toward the River Nile.This area is generally characterized by hot summer and mild winter with low rainfall. Airtemperature ranges between 36.5°C (summer) and 15.5°C (Winter), relative humidity rangesbetween 51% and 61% (Winter), 33% and 41% (Spring), and 35% and 42% (Summer) .The groundwater wells have been evaluated for their chemical and bacteriologicalcomposition and suitability for drinking and irrigation uses. And determine EL-Hassayawells as bank filtration well water samples were collected from July 2007 to December 2012
and all water samples were stored in cool box until were analyzed in the laboratories forparameters, such as pH, turbidity , Electrical Conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS),total hardness (TH), total alkalinity , calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride ,alkalinity, nitrite , nitrate , iron , manganese and sulphate while the bacteriological analysis(Heterotrophic Bacteria , Total coliform bacteria and Fecal coliforms Bacteria )do in AswanLaboratory for Drinking Water . The techniques and methods followed for collection,preservation and analysis were in accordance with the 20th edition of the Standard Methods of>American Public Health Association.The analytical results of chemical and bacteriological parameters of groundwater samplescompared with the standard guideline values as recommended by the World HealthOrganization as well as Egyptian Standard Limits Law No. 458 (2007)
from the investigation it can be concluded that pH Values of the groundwater range between(6.5 - 8.5) which indicate neutral to slightly alkaline water. Turbidity values of groundwatersamples ranged f r o m 0.13 to 0.442 NTU. The Electric Conductivity samples were within limit of 750 µmhos/cm. The total dissolved solids values are below 500 mg/l. The totalConclusion and Recommendation73
hardness (TH) values are between (152. 8 -252.356) mg/l. 𝐻𝐶𝑂3 − of groundwater ranged from
213,743 to 251,167 mg/l 𝐶𝑙−values in the study area groundwater samples recorded (14.96 –21.125 ) mg/l. 𝑀𝑔++Value of the groundwater are between ( 8.928 – 32.62 ) mg/l. 𝑁𝑎+ in samples ranged from 13.6 to 21.31 mg/l. 𝐶𝑎++concentration are between ( 42.782 – 63.93 ) mg/l. 𝐾+ values in the study area were recorded between ( 2.233 – 3.9) mg/l. 𝐹𝑒++,values ranged from 0.010 mg/l (min.) to 0.039 mg/l (max.). 𝑀𝑛++concentration of groundwater ranged from 0.003 to 0.074 mg/l. 𝑆𝑂4 −−values are between (19 -58.98) mg/l. 𝑁𝑂3 −values in
the study area groundwater samples recorded between 1.6 – 4.4 mg/l. 𝑁𝑂2 −−concentration are
between ( 0.004 – 0.014 ) mg/l .The groundwater facies can be summarized as following: 𝐶𝑎++ > 𝑁𝑎+ > 𝑀𝑔++ > 𝐾+ and
𝐻𝐶𝑂−3< 𝑆𝑂−4 𝐶𝑙−.To analyze water samples used AQUACHEM program (Stiff diagram, Piper trilinear diagrams, Ternary diagrams) and the hydro geochemical model PHREEQC , were used
The chemical results are adequate with WHO and as Egyptian Standard Limits of drinking
water that make El-Hassaya groundwater safe for drinking and domestic purposes while the
bacteriological result is not. The bacteriological problem of El-Hassaya groundwater can be solved by adding chlorine gas in the Expulsion pipe. Chlorine has power to kill and destroy all present bacteria. After that the groundwater is safe for drinking and domestic purposes. The studied groundwater samples were classified for irrigation purposes based on the values of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) , Residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Electrical conductivity (EC) and Sodium percentage (Na%). According to
all of these parameters, it was found that the groundwater is suitable for irrigation. Salinity diagram indicating that all samples (100%) are classified as low in all samples C2-S1. The present study results of El- HASAYA groundwater is good quality and valuable source of water for agricultural and irrigation purposes. The result of using AQUACHEM program from stiff diagram indicated that, alkaline earths (𝐶𝑎++ and 𝑀𝑔++) significantly exceed the alkalis (𝑁𝑎+ 𝐾+) and strong acids (𝐶𝑙−and 𝑆𝑂 −4 − exceed the weak acids (𝐶𝑂3 −−, 𝐻𝐶𝑂3 −). So the main components of El-HASAYA groundwater were (𝐶𝑎++ and 𝐻𝐶𝑂3 − ) ,that mean the initial El-Hassaya groundwater was coming from surface water ( River Nile ) based on the work results. It is recommended that: The groundwater should be collected in reservoirs and chlorine gas should be addedto it to get longer contact time between them.