الفهرس 
Introduction & Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Permanent cardiac pacemaker is widely recognized in the treatment of different types of symptomatic bradycardia. Cardiac pacing is the only effective treatment for symptomatic sinus node disease, and it can improve symptomatic chronotropic incompetence. This study was conducted to evaluate the short-term effect of permanent RV pacing on the RV function in relation to different right ventricular pacing sites (apical and non-apical (low, mid and high septal pacing)). This study had been carried out during the period from January 2017 to December 2017. The ventricular leads were placed in the right ventricle (6 in the apex of the RV, 6 in the lower part of the interventricular septum, 4 in the middle part of the interventricular septum and 4 in the highest part of the interventricular septum (RVOT)) by transvenous approach under fluoroscopic screen and the atrial leads were placed in the right atrial appendage by active fixation. The study included 20 patients, 7 males, and 13 females with their age ranged from 53 to 77 years with mean age of 65.55 ±6.76 years. Under the premise of high percentage of ventricular pacing (patient in need for pacing), the impact of different right ventricular pacing sites on cardiac function especially RV function and cardiac synchronization were compered in this study. Our results revealed that RV pacing leads to impairment in cardiac function and RV function and more decline in cardiac synchronization, with no significant difference between different right ventricular pacing sites with relative superiority of apical pacing over non apical pacing. However, the patient number was small, and the follow up time was limited suggesting that longer term research with large patient populations should be conducted for more assessment of the impact of different RV pacing sites on cardiac function, RV function and synchronization in patients indicated for pacemaker implantation.