الفهرس 
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Abstract
Our observations have been show that large sector in the Egyptian community are widely used low-quality Chinese-made, especially among lower economic and less educated individual.
So the present study was planned to identify the different modes of radiations emitted from a low-quality Chinese mode. The modes are three including the ringing, vibrating and combined modes. The rats were divided into 4 groups /12 rats each (6 male and 6 female). The first group (I) was served as a control, the second group (II) was exposed to mobile phone radiation in the ringing mode, the third group (III) was exposed to mobile phone in the vibrating mode and the fourth group (IV) exposed to mobile phone in the combined mode (ringing& vibrating). The groups 2, 3 and 4 were daily exposed to EMFs radiation over a period of 49 min. The mobile phone used in the present work was manufactured in China. The strength of radiations emitted from this mobile was measured in Electrical Engineering Department of Assiut University, using a Taiwan-mode Radio Frequency EMF Strength Meter.
The exposure of rats to EMF radiations can cause oxidative stress in animals and decrease their antioxidant activities leading to decrease in the body weight gain of rats. ALT and AST activity increases significantly with the increase of the number of exposures to EMFs irrespective of the mode of exposure; ringing, vibrating or combined ringing and vibrating mode. At the end of the test period, there is an increase of serum total protein content due to EMFs exposure above that of the control group in the male and female rats. The serum urea content and the creatinine level in male and female rats increases significantly with the increase of the number of exposure times to EMFs. A significant decrease of catalase activity in brain and liver of both male and female rats over the test period which extends up to 12 weeks. And The combined mode of EMFs exposure caused a significant decrease
of GSH content in the brain homogenate in male and female rats. The rats treated with combined mode of EMFs exposure showed a significant increase of MDA content when compared with the control group The strength of EMF radiations for the vibrating mode is higher than those for the ringing mode. This confirms to the experimental results reported for liver and kidney functions.
Histopathological results showed significant correlation with biochemical study results. Rat liver exposed to ringing mode showed leucocytes in hepatic sinusoids while the exposure to vibrating mode showed sinusoidal leucocytosis. Kidney of rats exposed to ringing mode showed protein cast in the lumen of renal tubules while the vibrating mode showed vacuolations of epithelial lining renal tubules, endothelial lining glomerular tuft and protein cast in the lumen of renal tubules. Brain of rats exposed to vibrating mode showing focal gliosis and neuronophagia of pyknotic neurons. Testis of rats exposed to ringing mode showed degeneration of spermatogonial cell living seminiferous tubules.