الفهرس 
Chapter1: IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The Aim Of This Study Is To Determine The Effect Of Heat And Humidity On Salbutamol Delivery Aerosolised from Nebulizers And Spacer Placed Proximal To The Patient In Single-Limb-Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) Adult Model. Three Inhalation Devices; Side Stream Jet Nebulizer (SIDE) Vibrating-Mesh-Nebulizer (VMN), And Pressurised Metered Dose Inhaler (Pmdi) Connected To Aerochamber Spacer (AC) Were Placed Proximal To Breathing Simulator With Adult-Settings (Inhalation : Exhalation 1:3, 15 Breaths.Min−1, Tidal-Volume 500 Ml) And The Ventilator Was Set To (20 Cm.H2O Peak-Inspiratory-Pressure, Peak-Expiratory Pressure 5cmh2o) In Spontaneous-Mode.
The Total Inhaled Dose (TID) Recovered On Inhalation-Filter Of Each Device Was Determined At Three Heat And Humidification Conditions (NN; No Heat Or Humidification, HN; Humidification And No Heat And HH; Heat With Humidification). For Nebulizers, 1ml Of Salbutamol Respirable Solution Containing 5000µg Salbutamol Free Was Aerosolised While, Sixteen Actuations With 30sec Interval Were Sprayed Using A Pmdi (Nominal Dose Containing 100µg/Puff) To The Spacer Adapter. The Present Study Revealed That There Was No Significant Effect Of Using HH On TID Compared To NN And HN Using VMN And JN. However, AC Delivered Significantly Higher TID At NN Compared To HH (P<0.001).
In Addition, The Percentage Of TID To Nominal Dose (TID%) Was Used To Determine The Device Of Highest Efficiency At Which Condition. The Main Finding Was That AC Had The Greatest TID% Followed By VMN And Then SIDE At Either NN Or HN. While At HH, The Efficiency Of Both AC And VMN Was The Same .
Another In Vivo Study Was Applied On Thirty-Six Patients Having chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Divided On Three Groups, Twelve Patients For Each. The Relative Lung And Systemic Bioavailability Of Inhaled Salbutamol Through The Same Inhalation Devices At NN And HH Conditions Were Determined According To Urinary Excreted Salbutamol 0.5 And 24hour Post Inhalation Respectively. Results Reported That The Use Of HH Didn’t Significantly Affect Either Pulmonary Or Systemic Bioavailability Provided With Either Of The Inhalation Devices Used In The Study.
Conclusion: The Current Study Revealed That Application Of HH During Salbutamol Delivery Didn’t Interfere With The TID As Well As Its Pulmonary Bioavailability Using Jet Or Vibrating Mesh Nebulizers For NI Ventilated Patients. On The Other Hand, The Use Of HH Significantly Reduced The TID Of The AC Spacer While, In Vivo Data Showed No Significant Effect.
Key Words: Salbutamol, Humidification, Heat, Noninvasive Ventilation, Urine, Relative Lung Bioavailability.
Publications
Saeed, H., M. Marwa, J. B. Fink, P. Dailey, A. S. Eldin, M. M. Abdelrahman, A. A. Elberry, H. Rabea, R. R. Hussein And M. E.Abdelrahim (2017). ”Fill Volume, Humidification And Heat Effects On Aerosol Delivery And Fugitive Emissions During Noninvasive Ventilation.” Journal Of Drug Delivery Science And Technology 39, 372-387.