الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Epiphora is tearing caused by a reduced tear transport or defective tear drainage outflow, i.e., epiphora is a result of a failure of tear drainage. NLD Obstruction (NLDO) inhibits the flow of tears from the eye to the nose, leading to symptoms of epiphora. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) has been established as the prevailing procedure for acquired NLD obstruction. Surgical treatment of dacryocystitis stretches back nearly 2000 years. Toti in 1904 published what is considered the first modern description of External Dacryocystorhinostomy (EX-DCR). The advantages of external DCR include high predictability and the direct visualization of anatomy, which is highly relevant for sac tumours. This technique facilitates accurate anastomosis between the lacrimal sac and nasal mucosa. However, external DCR has some disadvantages, including facial scarring, lacrimal pump dysfunction resulting from the interruption of medial canthal anatomy and the orbicularis oculi muscles, and limitations in acute dacryocystitis patients with abscess formation. The role of silicone intubation in routine Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery remains unclear. Recent studies provide a higher level of evidence against intubation in DCR. Intubation of the naso-lacrimal duct with silicone tubes has largely arisen as a result of history, anecdote and the evolution of DCR surgery rather than being based upon sound evidence. Based on current. |