الفهرس 
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high level of blood sugar either the body does not produce enough insulin (Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus) or cells do not respond to insulin that is produced (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus) (Shoback et al., 2011).
Saliva is the secretions by the three major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual), hundreds of minor salivary glands, and gingival crevice fluid. The functions of saliva are many and, among others, include ‘‘regular’’ functions such as food digestion, bolus formation, lubrication, and taste facilitation, and immune functions through antimicrobial peptides (Gorr et al., 2012) and Immunoglobulins (Zaka-Ur-Rab et al., 2012).
The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary glucose, total protein and albumin and hemoglobin A1c in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) patients and to compare with healthy nondiabetic control group, and To compare and correlate serum and salivary glucose levels in patients with T1DM.
Our study was conducted upon 60 diabetic children were subjected to serum glucose, total protein, albumin and hemoglobin A1c, in addition to salivary glucose, total protein and albumin and 20 apparently healthy control children.
It was found that, there were a significant correlation between serum glucose and salivary glucose in the diabetic children.
Glucose is a small molecule that can readily diffuse through the semipermeable membrane and hence can be detected in saliva especially when the blood sugar levels are elevated. Other explanations given for the presence of glucose in saliva are diabetic membranoathy i.e alteration in the basement membrane of the salivary glands which leads to leakage of glucose in saliva. According to Harrison and Bowen any alteration in the basement membrane of blood vessals may cause increased transport of glucose into saliva (Nagalaxmi et al., 2011).
In conclusion, Salivary glucose could be a noninvasive tool for monitoring blood glucose in diabetic patients.