الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study discussed the prevalence of S. aureus in number of hospitals in Port-Said governorate by collection 255 samples from kitchens and 100 samples from infected patients in wards and the possibility impact of the S. aureus isolates from foods of animal origin on nosocomial infections by genetic relatedness between isolates from foods and infected patients.
The bacteriological examination of 355 samples reveals to presence of S. aureus in 28 samples from 255 total samples from hospitals kitchens with percentage of 11% classified to 12 S. aureus isolates from 55 raw meat samples 21.8%, 2 isolates from 45 raw chicken samples 4.4%, 14 isolates from 53 raw milk samples 26.4% and there is no isolates from 50 processed milk products (cheese, yoghurt, butter and powdered milk) samples and the swabs from preparingraw meat & chickens surfaces and utensils. While 48 S. aureus isolates from 100 swabs from (septic burned wounds, surgical site infection and peripheral venous catheters associated abscess) of infected patients with percentage 48%.
All isolated strains were identified as S. aureus by using specific culture media and biochemical tests in addition to detect clfA gene by PCR technique.
Studying the antibiotic sensitivity test of S. aureus for 14 different types of antibiotics in lab, the result revealed high incidence of S. aureus resistance against methicillin, ampicillin, cephalexin and cefaclor in both isolates from foods of animal origin and infected patients, also all isolates from the kitchens were resist vancomycin while 30 isolates only from wards were resist the vancomycin with percentage 62.5%. In addition to, high resistance of isolates from wards against chloramphenicol unlike the isolates from kitchens.
Used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns by M13 and H12 primers to determine genetic relatedness among S. aureus isolates from kitchens and wards in hospitals and found there is genetic relatedness among S. aureus isolated from raw meat and another one isolated from surgical site infection of patient with percentage 95% genetic similarity, in addition to genetic relatedness between 13A & 14A & 16A isolates from raw milk and 12H isolate from surgical site infection with percentage 95.8% similarity. The present data indicate that infection of humans by transmission through contaminated food products from animal origin with S. aureus is very plausible.
from the present studies we can emphasize on (WHO, 2015) recommendation for global action plan as following:
The plan sets out 5 objectives:
1. Improve awareness and understanding of antimicrobial resistance.
2. Strengthen surveillance and research.
3. Reduce the incidence of infection.
4. Optimize the use of antimicrobial medicines.
5. Ensure sustainable investment in countering antimicrobial resistance.
The agricultural sector can help by:
1. Ensure that antibiotics given to animals - including foodproducing and companion animals - are only used to treat infectious diseases and under veterinary supervision.
2. Vaccinate animals to reduce the need for antibiotics and develop alternatives to the use of antibiotics in plants.
3. Promote and apply good practices at all steps of production and processing of foods from animal and plant sources.
4. Adopt sustainable systems with improved hygiene, biosecurity and stress-free handling of animals.
Implement international standards for the responsible use of antibiotics, set out by OIE, FAO and WHO.