الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Cancer of the uterine cervix is the second most frequent invasive cancer and the major cause of cancer death in women worldwide. With the introduction of population-based screen program, both the incidence and mortality on cervical cancer have been reduced. This reduction is mainly the results of diagnosis and treatment of pre-malignant lesion
Pap smear test has been less successful in identifying those women with the highest risk for premalignant disease, so the patients with equivocal Pap smear would need further evaluation with colposcopy . Performing the colposcopy with ore accuracy would result in better diagnosis of malignant and premalignant lesions .
Colposcopy is a diagnostic procedure used for assessing the lower genital tract and vulva underillumination and magnification. It was introduced as a technique in 1925 by Hinselmann. The primary aim of colposcopy is diagnostic validation of premalignant disease of the cervix, usually after an abnormal cervical cytology or a clinically suspicious lower genital tract .
The aim of this work was To detect epithelial cell abnormalities in unhealthy cervix using the 2001Bethesda system of reporting for cervical cytology and to confirm histopathologicaly the findings of Pap smear.
In this study, 100 patients with the clinical diagnosis of unhealthy cervix, who attended Gynecology departement at Beni Suef university hospital over a period of one year(june 2015-june 2016) Age from 18 to 45 years old.
examination of the cervix were chronic cervicitis (31), erosion(34)and hypertrophied cervix (13),bleeding on touch(12),healed laceration(5),irregular contour(3)and cervical polyp(2).
97 were satisfactory for evaluation (20 normal, 68 negative
for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy and 9 with epithelial cell
abnormality) and rest 3 were unsatisfactory (one hemorrhagic and two severe inflammatory
97 patients with satisfactory cervical smears were further assessed by colposcpoy and cervical biopsy was taken in 37
women with abnormal colposcopic finding.
The overall sensitivity and specificity of Pap smear for preinvasive and invasive disease was75% and 81.8% respectively with a predictive value of 50%. Pap smears overestimated the pre invasive and invasive diseases in 66.6% of cases and was not able to detect in 3.5% of the cases. Diagnostic accuracy of Pap smear for pre-invasive and invasive disease was 81%.