الفهرس 
MATERIAL AND METHODSOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The presented work was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical and biological properties of Cydonia oblonga fruit and Peganum harmala seeds grown in Egypt.
By estimating the bioactive compounds in Cydonia oblonga fruit extracts by HPLC as Peganum harmala seeds extract by GC-MS, it was showed that Cydonia oblonga fruit contained a great amount of saccharides including: pectin (in glalacturonic form after digesting), glucuronic, stachyose, sucrose, lactose, glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, raffinose, rhaminose, maltose, manitol, sorbitol and ribose, and contained many phenolic compounds as catechol, salycilic, cinnamic, caffeine and else, as it had many flavonoids as narengin, rutin, hespertin, quercetin and else. On other side, it was turned out that Peganum harmala seeds had percentage of β- carboline alkaloids as harmine and harmaline , as it also contained a great amount of oil had high levels of unsaturated fatty acids by 77.58% as Linoleic acid, Methyl stearate and Linoleic acid ethyl ester.
Also, a biological experiment was conducted on diabetic rats orally administrated by these plant extracts. And the results showed that:
1. Blood and liver glucose:
Blood glucose analysis showed that the diabetic rats and administrated by Cydonia oblonga and Peganum harmala extracts caused reduction in blood glucose levels compared by the diabetic control rats, as these extracts reduced the activity of alpha amylase enzyme in blood while increased the glycogen level in liver by semi similar values as in normal control rats.
2. Liver function parameters:
By estimating the liver function parameters which include AST, ALT, albumin, bilirubin and total protein, it was noticed that the administrated rats with the Cydonia oblonga and Peganum harmala extracts happened modulation in liver function parameters, where leaded to significant alleviation in GOT, GPT and bilirubin while it caused significant elevation in the levels of albumin and total protein compared with diabetic control rats.
3. Kidney function parameters:
Significant reduction in urea, uric acid and cetiatinine in the treated rats with plant extracts.
4. Lipid profile parameters:
The results indicated a reduction in the levels of total lipids, cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and triglycerides while an elevation of the levels of HDL and AAI in the administrated rats with Cydonia oblonga and Peganum harmala extracts compared by diabetic control rats.
5. Antioxidant enzymes:
The results showed that the diabetic and treated groups with Cydonia oblonga and Peganum harmala extracts seemed by reduction in the activity level of antioxidant enzymes: catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as in normal control group by comparing with diabetic group.
6. Lipid peroxidation:
Significant reduction in Malondialdhyde level in the treated rats liver and that an evidence for decreasing the oxidation level in treated rats liver compared by the diabetic control rats.
7. Histopathological results:
These results indicated recovery in the treated rats liver cells with Cydonia oblonga and Peganum harmala to the normal liver structure by happening a slight little changes compared by diabetic control rats which had necrosis and inflammation in its liver cells.
We can conclude from the previous phytochemical and biological results that Cydonia oblonga fruit and Peganum harmala seeds had a beneficial effects in modulating the blood glucose level and also the parameters of liver function, kidney function, lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in the diabetic liver and kidney, which made Cydonia oblonga fruit and Peganum harmala seeds a natural diabetic drug eliminated and restricted from the consequence complications caused by diabetes.