الفهرس 
chapter 1Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Bulk Carriers are of the three dominating merchant ship types together with tankers and container vessels to day . bulk carriers comprise about one third of the world fleet in tonnage terms . the demand for raw materials like coal , steel , copper , etc. has increased considerably since the turn of the millennium in recent years there has been an increased variation in bulk cargoes carried by sea which now constitue a signifcant proportion of international seaborne trade.