الفهرس 
The Cytokine hypothesis of DepressionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: Mounting evidence indicates that inflammation play a role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorders. NSAIDs have been proposed to be of clinical use in the treatment of depression. However, a limited body of clinical research has been conducted with mixed results.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of ibuprofen and celecoxib on fluoxetine’s antidepressant activity in a chronic inflammation-induced model of depression in mice using BCG vaccine.
Methods: Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into 8 groups; control, fluoxetine (20mg/kg/day), fluoxetine/ibuprofen (100mg/kg/day) or celecoxib (20mg/kg/day)- treated groups, BCG-inoculated group, BCG fluoxetine/ibuprofen or celecoxib-treated groups. All drugs were given by intraperitoneal injection. The behavioral tests done at the end of the study included locomotor assessment, FST, TST, followed by measurement of TNF-α, p11 protein levels and immune-histochemical staining of 5HT1B receptors in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
Results: BCG-inoculation induced a depressive-like behavior manifested by a significant increase in immobility time in both the FST and TST with no locomotor impairment, increase in TNF-α level, decrease in p11 protein level with decreased staining of 5HT1B receptors in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Fluoxetine treatment reversed the depressive-like state, however co-administration of either ibuprofen or celecoxib along with fluoxetine resulted in abolishing the previously manifested antidepressant activity of fluoxetine in both behavioral tests, along with decreasing p11 protein level and staining of 5HT1B receptors in both prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
Conclusion: The administration of either ibuprofen or celecoxib along with fluoxetine attenuated the antidepressant activity of fluoxetine in the behavioral despair tests, p11 protein and staining of 5HT1B receptors in the BCG-model of depression.