الفهرس 
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Abstract
Glass ionomer cements are extensively used as restorative materials in the primary dentition because of their fluoride-releasing property besides their esthetics, biocompatibility, and chemical adhesion to enamel and dentin. Because they release fluoride ions, they are particularly useful where cariostatic action is needed.
Moreover, glass ionomer cements (GICs) are capable of acquiring further fluoride ions following exposure to topical fluorides thereby acting as rechargeable fluoride release systems.
The present study investigated the effect of three different remineralizing agents on fluoride release and DTS of GIC. The study utilized Fuji IX highly viscous GIC and three topical remineralizing agents; APF gel, CPP-ACP paste and CPP-ACP+F paste.
A number of 40 specimens of GIC were prepared with standardized dimensions and were stored after 1 hr in deionized water which was changed daily.
Fluoride release was measured after 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 4 days and 1 week, after which the specimens were divided into 4 groups (1, 2, 3 and 4) according to the topical agent applied. Fluoride release after topical treatment was measured after 24 hrs, 48 hrs, 4 days 1 week, 3 weeks and 5 weeks.
Summary
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A number of 10 new specimens were prepared to be utilized in DTS testing after 24 hrs. The specimens of groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were tested for DTS after 5 weeks.
Results showed that a peak of fluoride release occured after 24 hrs, followed by a significant decrease after 48 hrs and 4 days, reaching its lowest level after 1 week, which continued for the ongoing period of the study.
After application of different remineralizing agents, results revealed that APF gel group showed a significant increase in fluoride release after 24 hrs, while the other groups showed a significant decrease after 24 hrs.
Results of the follow-up period in each group showed a significant decrease in fluoride release in APF gel group (G1) after 48 hrs and 4 days, reaching a nearly constant low level after 1 week, 3 weeks and 5 weeks.
Results of CPP-ACP group (G2) showed a decrease in fluoride release in with a non significant difference between values in the follow-up periods.
Results in CPP-ACP+F group (G3) showed a decrease in fluoride release which was statistically significant after 4 days.
Results of the control group (G4) showed a decrease in fluoride release in with a non significant difference between values in the follow-up periods.
Summary
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Comparison between groups revealed that APF gel group showed higher fluoride release compared to the other groups which was statistically significant after 24 hrs and 48 hrs.
Results of testing DTS showed no significant effect of time neither on the control group nor the test groups.
from the results of our study it was concluded that Fuji IX highly viscous GIC can be recharged using APF gel which increased fluoride release after application, while CPP-ACP does not have a significant effect on fluoride release and CPP-ACP+F decreases fluoride release after application.
It was also concluded that different remineralizing agents used in the study do not have a significant effect on DTS of glass ionomer.