الفهرس 
Anatomical and Physiological Differences between Adults and PediatricsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: Although laparoscopy has been available since it was first described by Kelling in 1923, only in the last decade it has found applications in pediatric surgery. Aims of the essay: to present an overview on pediatric laparoscopy, to display the physiological changes during pediatric laparoscopy, to review the anesthetic management and complications during pediatric laparoscopy. There is a perception associated with an improved cosmetic result, reduced postoperative hernias, less wound infections, a lower incidence of postoperative ileus, and less postoperative pain. The premature and term neonates present the greatest differences in anatomy and physiology from adults. Children also have different psychological needs. This assay describes the physiological changes produced by laparoscopy in children and the anaesthetic considerations for laparoscopic procedures in the paediatric patient population. Once the diagnosis is made, laparoscopic techniques can help to treat the condition (e.g., unwinding adnexal torsion, appendectomy, adhesiolysis, resection of Meckel’s diverticulum, or even removal of a pheochromocytoma. Anaesthetic management is complicated by the major physiologic effects of the pneumoperitoneum and patient positioning. Modifications in anaesthetic technique might be required to allow this novel operation to be performed safely.