الفهرس | يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام |
المستخلص Specialists in the global economy is that Saudi Arabia is a leader in the export of products and commodities and import countries and its economic history of strong, well-established tradition in the depths of international trade, and gained the Saudi trade with the passage of time attributes and features unique and specificities, as there is in the Kingdom of diverse trade and global in nature, and represent a key element in the structure of its national economy, and Saudi Arabia’s commercial and economic interests and wide-ranging, and a proven track record in the field of global economic cooperation. As they share with many Arab and regional countries in the world in the interests of which requires openness and enhance trade opportunities within the framework of a real partnership, and led the accession of many of the agreements which are based on mutual benefits and sharing the fruits of cooperation under the concept of interdependence between the international members of the family, As Saudi Arabia translated its commitment to economic freedom by adopting a series of policies and development plans and programs to make room for the private sector to contribute to the expansion of the economic base, and diversify income streams, and human resources development, and raising the efficiency of the Saudi economy and strengthen its capacity. Trade system is influenced in Saudi Arabia by two factors, namely: First: the economic interests of the state in determining the type and swap deal. Second: the nature of the conditions of the Kingdom in this era of time. In this sense the study focused on research in the demand for rice imports to Saudi Arabia because it represents the importance of the consumer and that the increasing demand in recent years. The Republic of India, the Republic of Pakistan, the United States of America, Thailand, and the Arab Republic of Egypt, and Australia, are more countries exporting rice to the Kingdom, and occupied India at the forefront in the supply of rice acquisition of 68.54% of the Kingdom’s imports, followed by the Pakistan by 11% then the United States increased by 9.38%, Thailand and came by 8%, then Egypt and Australia increased by 1.54%, 1.49% respectively during the period (2003 -2012 m). The study aims mainly to identify the determinants of the demand for rice in Saudi Arabia, the price of the biggest exporters of rice to Saudi Arabia states relations, Saudi predict demand for rice to the year 2020. The study relied on time-series data, and chains CT, has been used in various published and unpublished statistical data issued by many agencies such as: Department of Statistics in Saudi Arabia, the Arab Organization for Agricultural Development (Yearbook Arab agricultural statistics), Food and Agriculture Organization Nations United FAO, as well as some studies and research on the subject of study. The study used statistical models, the most important regression analysis, linear programming, simultaneous equations. In order to achieve the objectives referred to the study it consisted of three main sections. Part One Reference theoretical framework parade through the two first chapter Reference which dealt with the most important studies and research, which focused on studying the foreign trade of rice, agricultural commodities and other analytical models used in Saudi Arabia review, as well as studies related to foreign trade of rice in the other and most important of the Arab Republic of Egypt states, and Chapter II the theoretical framework of demand and consumption concepts in addition to the theoretical part of the analytical methods and models used in the study. The second section production and foreign trade dealt in the world where it reviewed the most important production and consumption and export indicators of the rice crop in the world, eat the contribution of each of them in the global production of this crop, also deals with the world’s consumption of rice, the main consumption areas in the world. In addition to addressing the development of the World Trade rice crop and the biggest exporters of rice in the world and the most important importing countries him. It is useful to recognize these indicators so that it can stand on its size and the adequacy of production to consumption, in addition to identify the site Arabia of global conditions during the two are the first chapter the current status of the most important producer of rice in the world in terms of production and space and productivity of rice crop in the world and in especially the most important producers of this crop, also includes a chapter assessing the general trend of production and productivity of rice and space in the world. Increased global area of rice from 149 million hectares in 1995 to 164.7 million hectares in 2013, and increased global production of 544.67 million tons in 1995 to 745.71 million tons in 2013, global production and Asda per hectare from 3.64 tonnes / ha in 1995 to 4.53 tonnes / ha in 2013. With the amount of world exports amounted to only lower in 1996 where amounted to about 19.61 million tons, while the maximum was about 36.26 million tons in 2011, and it turned out the fluctuation of world exports of rice value from year to year during the study period and reached a minimum in 2005, reaching about 6503.23 million dollars, the maximum it was in 2011, reaching about 23 187 million dollars, but for the average unit value is noticed that it amounted to the minimum extent in 2002, reaching about $ 244.63 per ton, the maximum it was in 2008, reaching about $ 678.66 per ton affected by rising prices worldwide and the global food crisis, and estimates the equation general time trend of the evolution of both the quantity and the value of world exports of rice turns out it takes years a growing trend statistically significant. The biggest exporters of rice in the world is Thailand, India and the United States and Vietnam, where the amount of exports were 5.59 million tonnes to Thailand increased by 24.4% and 12% of the Republic of India over the average period (1993 -1998 m). The same states Ali has maintained her lead to the most important exporting countries, and exports were about 7.72 million tons to Thailand increased by 29.2% and 14.4% of the United States of America during the average period (1999 - 2004 m). And continued the same countries in maintaining at the top of the biggest exporters of Pakistan with the entry of the main exporting countries were exports about 8.92 million tonnes to Thailand increased by 28.1% and 17.6% of the Republic of India over the average period (2005 -2011 m). The most important markets for imported rice in the world is Indonesia, China, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the Philippines, where the amount of imports came 623 000 tons to Saudi Arabia by 2.9% over the average for the period (1993 -1998 m). Indonesia has maintained its importance in the importing countries, followed by Nigeria, Bangladesh, Iraq, the Philippines and Saudi Arabia as the most important importing countries, but according to their positions for the first period, while the amount of imports amounted to about 1740.32 thousand tons for Indonesia.Increased by 6.76% over the average for the period (1999 -2004 m). Considered as the Philippines, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq as the most important importers of rice in the world 1141.26 thousand tons to Saudi Arabia increased by 3.73% over the average for the period (2005 - 2011 m). Part Three of the study dealt with the economics of rice consumption in Saudi Arabia through five chapters. Chapter one: review the relative importance of imports of agricultural commodity groups in Saudi Arabia during the period (2007 -2011 AD), to show how important these groups, as well as the statement of the importance of rice imports between the various commodity groups, and it became clear from this chapter that the grain group is at the forefront of those goods average 3639 million dollars, which represents about 22% of the average imports of main commodities groups, rice represents about 23% of the grain imports group with an average value of imports amounted to about 1094 million dollars. Chapter two: deals with the evolution of rice imports in Saudi Arabia in terms of quantity, value and price, which turned out to be quantitative relatively unsteady and destined to increase during the study period, reaching about 576.6 thousand tons in 1993 and then fell to about 433.6 thousand tons in 1994, to reach a maximum to about 1428.5 thousand tons in 2014, and the annual growth rate was about 1.55%. The total Saudi imports of rice value its lowest value in 1994 the value of $ 856.1 million riyals, and reached its maximum value 2014 worth 6635.1 million riyals, an annual growth rate of about 1.77% during the study period. The study found that the price of Saudi imports of rice reached its lowest value which is about 1795 riyals in 2001 until it reached a maximum of approximately SR 4645 in 2014, an average of about $ 672.12 during the study period, and the annual growth rate was about 3.87%. The third chapter dealt with the current situation of foreign trade of rice in Saudi Arabia. The large area of the Kingdom led to multiple and different patterns of food consumption and the behavior of consumers in the region to another. where we find that this has led to differing preferences of different types of rice, but the rice which highlighted the convergence of good demand in the Saudi market types are: • Indian basmati rice three types (Mezze, white, long-grain) and represents almost 73% of the market.• Amber Pakistani rice (Alepeshaora) and its stake up to 10.6%. • American rice, its stake up to 7% of the volume of demand. Thai rice and the share of about 5%. • Australian rice rate of up to about 1.7%. Hence this chapter is interested in studying the development of rice imports in Saudi Arabia in terms of the relative importance of exporting countries during the period (1993 -2014). The study in the fourth quarter the price of the most important exporting to Saudi Arabia, countries relations of rice in terms of the relationship between the Indian rice and the prices of the most important exporting countries within the Saudi market price and the impact of the price of rice Indian at these prices during periods of study, the first period (1993 - 2005), and the second period (2006 AD -2014 m) and show them that the lack of a moral relationship between the Indian rice and the prices of imported rice price of individual countries during the first period of the study, which is the pre-accession of Saudi Arabia to the World Trade Organization and moral relationship between the Indian price and the price of imported rice from individual countries in the period The second study, which represents Saudi Arabia’s accession to the World Trade Organization, and it turned out that this chapter of import prices and import quantities from the rest of the countries affected by the price of import from India. Study the demand for rice in Saudi Arabia determinants been using the simultaneous model also predicted the amount of imports until 2020, it is clear from this chapter that the most important determinants demand rice in Saudi Arabia is the average per capita and the price of Indian rice, customs and traditions import (the amount of import in the previous year, the study also made clear in this chapter that the amount of the Saudi import projected 2020 rice 1624 tons). |