الفهرس 
chapter 1Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Irrigation canals not only pass across fields but also go through residential
areas in some situations, where they are affected by the bad habits of users. Surface
water quality was not the only problem; there was the surface water problem of
quantity, where amounts of surface water in the irrigation network lost by evaporation
and by infiltration to the shallow aquifer, while the pipelines had no seepage losses.
So, the decision makers adopted the solution of irrigation canals covering. It was
important to make an environmental impact assessment for this solution.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was done for surface water quality,
groundwater levels, groundwater quality, and Quality of Life (QOL) for the residents.
It was done through three main measurements. The first measurement was for
evaluating surface water quality, through collecting five samples from three canals,
which were for The Reference Point Upstream (R.P.US.), the Point of Inlet (P.l.), the
Point ef Manhole (P.M.), the Point of Outlet (P.O.) and the Reference Point
Downstream (R.P.DS.). The samples were analyzed in the laboratory. The results
proved that covering of irrigation canals was affected water quality and construction
material in bad way, however HC03, decreased in manholes, while TA (total
alkalinity), TDS (total dissolved solids), Na, Cl, S04, ... etc increased in manholes.
Comparisons were performed between the parameters of water before and
after covering. These comparisons were regards to .he upstream reference points. The
comparisons results were that irrigation canals covering affected water quality
negatively. They also discovered that point of inlet is a dangerous point, due to the
existing of mesh at this point.
In this regard, dimensional analysis method used to get relations between
water quality parameters and the hydraulic parameters of canals. Two types of efforts
were done to get these relations. One of these efforts was for the relation of water
quality parameters with all effective hydraulic parameters of canals. This concluded to
sixteen equations for PH, HC03, TA, TDS, Ca, Mg, Cl, N03, P04, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni,
Sr, Zn, and V. The other type of efforts was for the relation of water quality
parameters with Fr (froud number) and Re (Reynolds numbers). It proved that only
PH has a strong relation.