الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aimed the examination of demineralized tooth surface for
the number and depth of pores after application of remineralizing agents by
Atomic Force Microscope.
The current study was conducted on 24 visually sound human central
incisors extracted for periodontal reason; teeth were washed, stored in a
phosphate buffered saline solution. The palatal surfaces were flattened; the
area to be scanned was standardized on the labial surface of the samples to be
the same scanned area during the whole study (20 x 20 microns). The teeth
were then examined by AFM at the predetermined area; the tooth which
showed any defects was excluded from the study. The obtained data and
images were recorded. Specimens were then divided into two groups, group I:
where phosphoric acid was used as a demineralizing agent and CPP-ACPF
was used as a remineralizing agent and group II: where phosphoric acid was
also used as a demineralizing agent but APF gel was used as a remineralizing
agent. Specimens were imaged after demineralization at the predetermined
area, the obtained data and images were recorded, and Specimens were
imaged at the same predetermined area after remineralization.
Results were analyzed and represented with tables and graphs where it
showed that CPP-ACPF produced greater reduction for the average roughness
than APF gel but the difference is not significant.
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Also, the result showed that CPP-ACPF produced greater reduction of
the number and depth of wide erosion cavities and narrow porosities than
APF gel and the difference is significant.