الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 164 |  |  |
| | | from | 164 | | |
Abstract
- Pain during childbirth is a hard task for the women to perform, especially the primigravida. The majority of woman experience severe pain during labor. Therefore, the women need a person who can help her and provide support and care.
- Non pharmacological measures of pain relief are safe, inexpensive, and easily applied. TENS is natural method for relieving labor pain. It can be easily applied by the nurse without medical prescription.
- The primary role of the nurse in the delivery room is to provide care to the laboring women. She should help in reducing her anxiety, fear, tension and pain by providing the available measures of comfort.
- There fore, this study was conducted to help the laboring women to have easier and comfortable delivery .The study aimed at examining the effect of TENS application on relief of labor pain.
- The study was conducted in the labor unit at two settings in Menoufyia governorate, namely Menoufyia University Hospital and Berket El-Saba Hospital. The total sample consisted of 200 women, subdivided into control group and intervention group of 100 women each .A pilot study was carried out on 10 women for TENS application and 10 women for control group. These were not included in the main study sample
- All samples were randomly assigned to the line of treatment by asking each woman her willing to participate in the study.
Whether control or TENS. Control group subjects were left to the routine hospital care. TENS group, the researcher will introduce herself to the woman and the procedure was explained to TENS group members. Interviewing questionnaire to take oral and written consent and necessary data .TENS group members were asked to lay on her lateral position, Woman of the study group was instructed that application of TENS will relieve pain without analgesia to avoid its side effect.
98
Visual analogue pain scale will be used before and after using the analgesia in intervention and control group. Evaluation of pain in the intervention group by visual analogue pain scale before and after application of TENS .Application of TENS was that the electrodes were attached to the woman’s skin four electrodes on her lower back on either side of the spine .The researcher should ensure that there is no skin allergy, and then she was wash and dry the skin and put gel before applying the electrodes and move the electrodes need to be secured with straps. Avoid using narcotics medications and caffeine in combination with TENS because they reduce effectiveness of the therapy.
-The data collection tools included:-
*A semi structured interviewing questionnaire , which contained questions about socio – demo graphic data , such as age , level of education , occupation ,marital status ,in addition to questions related to personal history , as well as past and present obstetric history and data about effectiveness of TENS on relieving normal labor pain
*Visual analog scale to assess the degree of pain - The field work lasted for about seven months for collection of data from December 2012 to June 2013. The time consumed with each woman was 6-to 8 hours, from the time of admission to the delivery.
- The sample age ranged from 16to 40 years. with the majority of women’ age falling between 20 to 25 years .Regarding to education , 42%of samples had university education, while 38%were primary education and only 16%had secondary education , 4% had illiterate . The two groups were similar regarding all relevant socio- demographic characteristics with no statistically significant differences between them.
- from the important finding of this study, improvement of pain score and increased maternal satisfaction were observed after using TENS machine among women in the study group in comparison with those in the control group
99
The pain scores before TENS were high for severe pain but after TENS use it decreased to be moderate and mild pain. This improvement was statistically significant it was attributed to the effect of TENS on the women in the study group.
- Furthermore, women in the intervention (study) group, had less need for analgesics, compared to those in the control group 25%, 76% respectively. This difference was highly significant.
- The study has also shown that there was a statistically significant difference between intervention (study) and control groups as regard the fetal and neonatal complications. This proved that TENS had no adverse effect on fetal health
- The study has also shown that the mean interval between duration of pain in TENS group (50, 20 + 5, 48) was lower than in non-TENS group (53, 20+5, 48)
- The study has also shown that the mean of duration of labor in non- TENS group was (11.68±1.48) higher than in TENS group (9. 0±2.88). This difference was statistically significant
- Additionally 75% of women in the group of TENS expressed their preference for use this method in future deliveries. While the highest percentage of women in the control group 72%doesn’t prefer the method.