الفهرس 
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Abstract
Cichtids (Zilapia) are the major protein source in many of developing countries. They enjoy wide acceptance as food fish because of their high palatability and history of use from inland fisheries (Pullin and Lone He Connel Fish of fanily chlidae are widely distributes in Africa (they are absent only from the northern Atlas and from west Africa), They are also present in Asia (in Palestine, Syria, Southern India and Srilanka) and in South and Central America. The Cichlids, however, originated exclusively fren Africa continent and Palestine. Their tropical origin is clearly expressed in their physiologic! behavior, especially in connection with their thermal preference during their reproduction. Cichlids alse have nigh popularity as a fish is easily cultivated in pond due to their excellent growth rates, wide tolerance to environmental condition variation, little susceptibility to disease, they have a short generation time and breed in captivity. Cichlids can survive at low oxygen concentrations of around and are able to utilize dissolved oxygen on surface film and in other microhabitats, Now, Tilapia has been distributed all over the tropical and subtropical countries and actually cultured in South.