الفهرس 
contentsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 127 |  |  |
| | | from | 127 | | |
Abstract
Urolithiasis is a common problem following urinary diversion. The incidence differs according to the
type of diversion. Several factors may be accused such as metabolic, infectious and anatomical factors. The patient may complain of symptoms similar to those experienced by stone formers without urinary diversion such as pain, hematuria, retention, recurrent urinary tract infections and difficult catheterization. Diagnosis of urolithiasis depends on different laboratory and radiological investigations. Laboratory investigation include urine analysis and culture, estimation of serum creatinin, oxalate, calcium, uric acid, potassium and blood PH. Radiological modalities include ultrasound, computed tomography and X-ray films with the use of contrast material. The approach of management differs according to the stone site. Also, the type of diversion could affect the management approach. Lines of management include medical, ESWL, different endoscopic procedures and open surgery. ESWL monotherapy proved to be a valuable option in the treatment of upper tract lithiasis in patients with urinary diversion. However, it may cause renal obstruction, and antegrade endoscopic maneuvers should be available. It can be used as first choice treatment in these types of patients due to its minimal morbidity and excellent results, equivalent to those achieved in patients without urinary diversion, and the results are equivalent to those achieved in patients without urinary diversion. The results of our study have demonstrated that percutaneous treatment of large upper tract stones after urinary diversion is good choice for management this type of stones and offers a high success rate with minimal. morbidity. As advances in endourological equipment and techniques have greatly reduced the morbidity of this common problem. Retrograde access in patients with urinary diversion is feasible and safe in most patients with orthotopic neobladder urinary diversion. The diagnosis and/or treatment of upper tract stone disease can be readily performed with retrograde ureteroscopic techniques. Identification of the ureteral orifice is challenging but this procedure avoids the morbidity of percutaneous access, and complications are minimal.