الفهرس 
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Abstract
Salmonella is considered the most important bacterial diseases that infect
poultry and transmitted to human. Isolation of Salmonella from tissues of poultry
needs firstly inoculation of the tissues in enrichment media that inhibit growth of
bacteria other than Salmonella and helps in propagation of Salmonella. By testing
several enrichment media as RV, TT and SF, it was found that RV is the best one.
Serotyping of Salmonella isolates is the most important steps necessary for
Salmonella identification, but because of the numerous difficulties in this method,
the use of molecular biology techniques in achieving this goal is very imprtant.
PCR and sequencing of inv A gene were used for Salmonella identification.
Through molecular biology and informatics and comparison with data on Gene-
Bank, 36 isolates of Salmonella were identified to 8 S. Entritidis, 18 S. Heidelberg,
6 S. Gallinarum and 1 S. Newport, there were 3 isolates untyped. Serological test
for 12 isolates have been selected randomly, the results revealed that, 9 S. Infantis ,
2 non-Salmonella bacteria and 1 S. Newport, While by molecular techniques of
these isolates were 8 S. Heidelberg, 2 S. Gallinarum and 1 S. Newport. Therefore,
this conflict needs more investigation. In addition, in this study, antibiotic
sensitivity test was performed, S. Heidelberg isolates considered as multidrug
resistant isolates by 94.4 %, which is dangerous to human health when transmitted
from birds to human. Antibiotic residues of tetracyclines and β-lactam were
detected but no aminoglycosides or quinolones were detected, because slow
absorption of aminoglycosides and non-use of quinolones in farms used in this
study. These results make us recommend using antibiotics, which with low
absorption as growth promoters or prophylaxis. Detection of resistance gene (tet A)
of tetracyclines and (bla TEM & bla SHV) of β-lactam by PCR، to find a relation
between antibiotic resistant Salmonellea and antibiotic residues in their tissues.