الفهرس 
Aim of studyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Ageing is a biologic process that starts early in life. Special needs for the elderly increase with advancing age (Rackel, 2007). there has been a sharp increase in the number of older persons worldwide and more old people are alive nowadays than at any time in history. The proportion of the population aged 60 and over, is also growing each year. By the year 2025, the world will host 1.2 billion people aged 60 and over and rising to 1.9 billion in 2050 (Ibrahim, Ghabrah, Qadi, 2005).Urinary incontinence is defined by the(ICS) and the international Urogynecological Association as any involuntary leakage of urine (AL-Badr, 2012). UI is a medical problem Some women may lose a few drops of urine while running or coughing. Others may feel a strong, sudden urge to urinate just before losing a large amount of urine. Many women experience both symptoms. For some women, the risk of public embarrassment keeps them from enjoying many activities with their family and friends. Urine loss can also occur during sexual activity and cause tremendous emotional distress.Goal: to promote elderly health at rural communities specially women.Objectives :1- To reveal Patterns of urinary incontinence among females above 60 years.2-To determine risk factors of urinary incontinence among females above 60 years. attending family medicine center at Manshat Soultan –university hospital - Manshat Soultan village, Menouf district menofia governorate.Hypotheses:- There is a relationship among elderly age and urinary incontinence.- There is relationship among Pattern and risk factors of urinary incontinence among females above 60 years and older.Methodology Design: case -control research was selected .Setting: A study was conducted at Manshat Soultan– family medicine center - menofia university hospital Menouf district, menofia governorate. Data collection : Started from October 2012 to October 2013. the subjects were : A purposive sample consisted of (200) females above 60 years complain of UI . they were divided into 100 for study group &other 100 for control group to compare data. study group collected from the females patient’s attending a family medicine center on Sunday & Monday. Control group collected from the visitors and from other clinics on Wednesday, Thursday Each weak.Instruments used in this study were :Tools of the study: A structured interviewing questionnaire will be used to collect data which contain the following parts:Part (1) Sociodemograghic characteristic.Part (2) Obstetric history, Medical history, characteristics of urinary leakage, characteristics of voiding habits.Part (3) Biophysiological Measurements.The findings of this study could be summarized in the following :- There were major patterns of urinary incontinence and its prevalence was 58 % for mixed incontinence, and 42 % to urgency UI.- There was a positive relationship among age and urinary incontinence.The study revealed that there was a positive relation between patterns of urinary incontinence as ( mixed, and urgency ) and the many risk factors such as age , gender, medical history childbirth , parity, history of delivery ,mood of delivery, and others risk factors which affect females above 60 years and older. as arthritis, lack of movement, blurred vision, blindness, diabetes, chronic cough.- In Egypt UI is quite Common and the prevalence rates are very higher when compared to other reports.The following recommendations were suggested for elderly women:- Increase patient awareness of the amount and timing of all fluid intake.-self care: use a mild soap. Petroleum jelly or cocoa butter can protect skin.- Make sure to pat the skin dry after urinating.- Avoid taking diuretics after 4 p.m.-Take steps to avoid constipation.- Take measures to ease pressure on the abdomen (e.g., lose weight if overweight).- Reduce intake of foods or beverages that increase urination or may irritate the bladder (e.g., coffee, tea, alcohol).-Empty the bladder completely when you urinate and try to give an extra push to get the last drops of urine out. every 2 hours if possible.- Use pads and protective garments such as adult diapers, plastic or washable underwear until patient find a successful cure.- Maintain save delivery to avoid complication of prolonged delivery.- Especially clinic to UI and special team work cable of to cooperate with this patients at primary health care& at every hospital .-periodic check up for early detection and treatment of diseases which cause UI as diabetes, hypertension, any neurological diseases, and UTI.- Health education to increase awareness of the women about the risk factors related to UI.- Routinely periodic urine analysis to early treatment of urinary tract infection.