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Abstract In the North Western Coastal Desert of Egypt, Barki sheep are considered the predominant breed in the area and constitute about one third of the sheep population in Egypt. Keeping sheep represents a main part of the income of the inhabitants of that zone. Barki breed is well adapted to the harsh prevailing conditions including poor feeding, heat stress and disease and its production is rather low. Barki sheep are characterized by long limbs, small body weight and open fleece to fit in the desert environment, i.e. vast areas with sparce vegetation and long hot dry summers. Size of sheep has a direct relationship with feeding requirements on one side and productivity on the other. There is a reasonable amount of information of the relationship of feeding requirements and sheep size. Maintenance requirement of an animal is proportional to metabolic body weight and represents almost 80% of its total requirements (Owen, 1981). In order to reduce maintenance requirements and consequently feed costs,it is desired to keep flocks with small ewe size which mate to ram characterized by high growth rate. Though, productivity may increase with ewe size full information on the relationship between ewEc> size and productivity seans to be lacking in local breeds. Thus, the main objective of the present study is to throw some light on the relationship between ewe size and productivity in sheep and to estimate genetic parameters for different productive traits to help in planning breeding programmes. This thesis includes two 1main items, firstly an experimental work to define more clearly ewe size, secondly study of ewe size in relation to its productivity |