الفهرس 
1-Acknowledgement.Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
RAPN is a viable option as a NSS considering the operative outcomes
and postoperative renal functions changes in addition to the traditional benefits of
the laparoscopic procedure. The time trend of renal functions after surgery was
not significantly different between OPN and RAPN. Open type surgery has longer
length of stay in hospital than robotic, but the cost difference was not significant
statistically