الفهرس 
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Abstract
The study aims to characterize the bacteriophages of phosphate dissolving bacteria which found in Sohag and Minia soils according to virion properties (physical properties, biological properties, morphological properties and properties of genome). Moreover, this study aims also to protect such desired bacteria (phosphate dissolving bacteria) from the infection with the specific lytic bacteriophages using some techniques (e.g. preparing these bacteria in immobilized form and isolation of phage resistant mutants). In this study different characteristics were used to differentiate and classify the isolated phages of Bacillus licheniformis. No single method for characterizing phages is in itself sufficient for complete identification or classification, but these features (thermal stability, sensitivity to U.V. radiation, host range, longevity in vitro as well as size and morphology of the particles) must be studied all together to give clear differences between the phage isolates tested.
The depressive effect of the bacteriophages can be avoided by application of the bacterial inocula in form of sodium alginate immobilized cells. Moreover, isolation of phage resistant mutants of such desired bacteria can be used as well to avoid the phage attack. Therefore, application of immobilized cells or phage resistant mutant of such desired bacteria as biofertilizers is recommended to avoid the phage attack and to promote the efficiencies and maintenance of these microorganisms in the soil.