الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 190 |  |  |
| | | from | 190 | | |
Abstract
Effect of L-carnitine administration on metabolic disorders, biomarkers of oxidative stress, enzymatic antioxidants and inflammatory response in rats fed high fructose diet were investigated. This study was carried out on sixty white male albino rats of 8-10 weeks old and weighing 150-200 gm. Rats were housed in separated metal cages and kept at constant environmental and nutritional conditions throughout the period of experiment. All animals were acclimatized for minimum period of two weeks prior to the beginning of study.
Chemicals and drugs:
The drug and chemicals used in the present study were:
a- Fructose was obtained as bottle contains (D (+) fructose) 250 g in crystalline form. Rats fed fructose- enriched diet daily (60 g /100g diet) for 60 days.
b- L-carnitine was obtained as a capsule form (one capsule contains 350 mg L-carnitine). L-carnitine was freshly prepared by dissolving in propylene glycol and administered to rats at a dose of (300 mg/Kg body weight /day,orally) for 60 days.
Ration:
There are two types of ration were prepared freshly and daily throughout the course of experiment:
C. Control diet.
D. High fructose diet (60g/100g of control diet).
Design of the experimental work:
Rats under study were randomly divided into four groups ,15 rats each, placed in individual cages and classified as follows:
Group I (control group): Rats received only control diet and served as control normal non treated group.
Group II (fructose fed group): Rats received fructose enriched diet (60 g fructose /100g of control diet) for 60 days.
Group III (fructose + L-carnitine group): Rats received daily fructose enriched diet (60 g fructose /100g of diet) and were administered L-carnitine orally in a daily dose of (300mg/Kg body wt.) for 60 days.
Group IV (Control + L-carnitine group): Rats received the control diet and were administered L-carnitine (300 mg/Kg body wt./days/orally) for 60 days.
Sampling:
Random blood samples and liver tissue specimens were collected from all animals groups (control and experimental groups) two times along the duration of experiment at after 45 and 60 days from the onset of experiment.
1- Blood samples:
Blood samples for serum separation were collected by ocular vein puncture after overnight fasting in dry, clean, and screw capped tubes and serum were separated by centrifugation at 2500 r.p.m for 15 minutes and processed directly for glucose determination and then kept in a deep freeze at-20° C until used for subsequent biochemical analysis. All sera samples were analyzed for the following parameters:
Insulin, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols (TG), phospholipids, free fatty acids (FFA), pyruvate, lactate, sialic acid, L-Malondialdehyde (L-MDA), Leptin, tumer necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) , interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Nitric oxide (NO) .
2- Tissue samples (liver):
At the end of the each experimental period, rats were sacrificed by cervical decapitation. The liver specimen was quickly removed and weighted, then perfused with cold saline to exclude the blood cells and then blotted on filter paper, and stored at -20°C until analysis. All liver samples were used for the determination of antioxidant enzymes (Catalase, superoxide dismutase and Glutathione peroxidase).
Preparation of liver tissues for determination of Enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT and GPx ):
Briefly, liver tissues were cut, weighed and divided into 2 parts:
3) The first part: Approximately 0.5 gm of liver tissue samples were homogenized in ice-cold medium of 4.5 ml (50mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.5, containing 1 mM EDTA) to make 10% homogenates. The homogenates were centrifuged at 4,000 r.p.m for 15 minutes at 4°C then the supernatant was used for the determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT). 4) The second part: About 0.5 gm of liver tissue samples were homogenized in ice-cold medium of (50 mM TRIS-HCL, pH 7.5, containing 5 mM EDTA and 1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol), after centrifugation at 4000 r.p.m for 15 minutes at 4°C, the clear supernatant was removed and used for determination of glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The obtained results summarized as follows: 1- Serum glucose:
A significant increase in serum glucose concentration was observed in fructose –fed rats all over the periods of the experiments when compared with rats fed normal control diet.