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Abstract Fats play the most important part of your daily diet.over the past twenty years, there has been an explosion of research on the significance of fats in health and disease.there is considerable evidence which links fats with many of the most common forms of degenerative diseases.The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of dietary fats on lipid profile and atherosclerosis factor on the male human health using of White experiment animals in kind (Sprague dawley). Studied Groups: A. Control Group: Group (1): (Control negative): Fed on basal diet (casein diet). B. fat Sample Groups: Group (2): Fed on basal diet plus sample 5% national egg yolk. Group (3): Fed on basal diet plus sample 5 % egg yolk farms. Group (4): Fed on basal diet plus sample 5 % chicken fat. Group (5): Fed on basal diet plus sample 5% Habbard chicken fat. Group (6): Fed on basal diet plus sample 5%milk fat. Group (7): Fed on basal diet plus sample 5%fat buffalo meat. Group (8): Fed on basal diet plus sample 5% duck fat. Biological evaluation of the different diets was carried out by determination of body weight gain % (BWG %) and food efficiency ratio (FER). where there was consensus between the consumption of food and increase body weight gain in rate significantly, especially in groups containing high concentrations. The end of experimental, Animals were sacrificed and blood samples. At the end of experiment (4 weeks), the blood samples were collected after 12 hours fasting and serum was separated for determination of: Lipid profile cholesterol, tri-glycerides (T.G), high density lipoprotein (H.D.L-c), low density lipoprotein (L.D.L-c), very low density lipoprotein (V.L.D.L-c), atherogenic index, urea, creatinin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminas (G.O.T), glutamic pyruvic transaminas (G.P.T), alkaline phosphatase (A.L.P) and glucose. At the same time, the organs: (Heart, Liver, Eye, Brain, Spleen and Kidney) were removed, washed in saline solution, dried by filter paper, weighted and stored frozen in formalin solution 10% for histopathological examinations . Statistical analyses were performed by Lenovo 3000N500; under Windows Microsoft Office 2010 by using Microsoft excel 2010. All obtained results were tabulated and suitable recommendation was given. Biochemical analysis was carried out on blood and out on blood and blood serum to determine CBC, serum glucose, Liver function indices, kidney function indices, and serum lipids. The organs (Brain, Heart, liver, kidney and spleen) were removed and washed in saline solution, weighted and kept in formalin solution (10% Specimens from (Brain, Heart, liver, kidney and spleen) were subjected to histopathological examinations. EFFECT OF DIETARY FATS ON BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS (SERUM GLUCOSE, SERUM LIPIDS, LIVER FUNCTION INDICES, KIDNEY FUNCTION INDICES, CBC, E.S.R AND ATHEROGENIC INDEX). Serum glucose. For F.S. glucose, control group showed the lowest value, but the highest value was showed duck fat 5% group after 4weeks. Serum Lipids Results was clear that F.S.VLDL-c, the highest was for chicken fat 5%group, where as the lowest value duck fat 5% group after 4 weeks. F.S.LDL-c, milk fat 5% group was the highest value, but the lowest value chicken fat 5% group after 4 weeks. As F.S.HDL-c, was the highest value for negative control while the lowest value was egg yolk farms 5%group after 4weeks. For F.S. Cholesterol, national egg yolk 5% group was the highest value, while fat buffalo meat 5% group was the lower value after 4weeks Regarding For F.S. Triglyceride, Data revealed that the highest value was for group chicken fat 5%, while duck fat 5% group was the lowest value after 4 weeks. Liver Function For S.GPT, group 15% the highest value national egg yolk 5%group, but the lowest value milk fat 5% group after 4weeks As for S.GOT the national egg yolk 5% group was the highest value, but the lowest value duck fat 5% group and milk fat 5% group after 4 weeks. For .F.Serum alkaline phosphates (ALK) chicken fat 5% group showed the lowest value, but the highest value was showed duck fat 5% group after 4weeks. Kidney Function Indices Data clear that S. Creatinine, the highest value was for Habbard chichen fat 5% group, but the lowest value was for egg yolk farms 5% group after 4weeks. Regarding S. Urea, the highest value was for fat buffalo meat 5% group, but the lowest value was for duck fat 5% group after 4weeks. Complete blood count (CBC) Hemoglobin.Data illustrated the highest value was for negative control, but the lowest value was for chicken fat 5% group after 4 weeks. Red cell count. Data illustrated the highest value was for negative control, but the lowest value was for chicken fat 5% group after 4 weeks. Plateletscnt. Data illustrated the highest value was for fat buffalo meat 5% group, but the lowest value was for negative control after 4 weeks Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (E.S.R) E.S.R first hour. Data illustrated the highest value was for chicken fat 5% group, but the lowest value was for duck fat 5% group and national egg yolk 5% after 4 weeks English Summary 174 E.S.R second hour. Data illustrated the highest value was for chicken fat 5% group, but the lowest value was for duck fat 5% group and milk fat 5% group after 4 weeks Atherognic index Atherognic index. Data illustrated the highest value was for chicken fat 5%group, but the lowest value was for milk fat 5%group after 4weeks. EFFECT OF DIETARY FAT ON LIPID PROFILE AND ATHEROSTLEROSIS FACTORS ON RATS ON HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF HEART, BRAN, KIDNEY, LIVER, SPLEEN AND EYE 1 - Heart Examination the heart of rat the control group showed normal cardiac myocytes. Heart of rat from national egg yolk 5%, egg yolk farms 5%, habbard chicken fat 5%, fat buffalo meat 5% and duck fat 5% no histopathological changes.Except heart of rat from chicken fat 5% and milk fat 5% showed intermusculer edema% and showed no histopathological changes 50 percent have histopathologic changes, whenever, others 50 percent was healthy. 2 - Brain Brain of rat the control group showing no histopathological changes. Howe ever Brain of rat from national egg yolk 5% group showing pyknosis of some neurons. Brain of rat from egg yolk farms 5% group showing focal gliosis. Brain of rat from chicken fat 5% group showing pyknosis and necrosis of neurons and showing nerosis of English Summary 175 neurons. Brain of rat from Habbard chicken fat 5% and milk fat 5% group showing focal gliosis and showing necrosis of neurons. Brain of rat from fat buffalo meat 5% group showing pyknosis of neurons and showing pyknosis of some neurons. Brain of rat from duck fat 5% group showing focal haamorrhage and showing necrosis of some neurons. 3 - Kidney Histopathologically, kidney of rat from control group showed the normal structure of renal parenchyma. Also kidney of rat from national egg yolk 5% group showed apparent normal renal parreuchyma. Kidney of rat from egg yolk farms 5% group showed vacuolations of epithelial lining renal tubules and endothelial lining glomerular and showed no histopathological change 50 percent have histopathologic changes, whenever, others 50 percent was heathy. Kidney of rat from chicken fat 5% group showed protein cast in the lumen of renal tubules (photo 28) and showed no histopathological changes 50 percent have histopathologic changes, whenever, others 50 percent was heathy . Kidney of rat from habbard chicken fat 5% group showed no histopathological changes and showed vacuolations of epithelial lining renal tubules 50 percent have histopathologic changes, whenever, others 50 percent was heathy. Kidney of rat from milk fat 5% group and fat buffalo meat 5% group showed no histopathological changes. Kidney of rat from duck fat 5% group showed no histopathological changes, showed vacuolations of epithelial lining renal tubules and showed perivasculitis . 4 - Liver Microscopally, liver of rat from negative control group showed the normal histological structure of hepatic lobule. Howe ever, liver of rat from national egg yolk 5% group showed congestion of hepatic sinusoids English Summary 176 and necrosis of hepatocytes and showed congestion of central vein and hepatic sinusoids as well as cytoplasmic vacuolization of. Liver of rat egg yolk farms 5% groups, Habbard chicken fat 5% group and fat buffalo meat 5% group showed kupffer cells activation. Liver of rat from chicken fat 5% group showed fatty degeneration of hepatocytes. Liver of rat from milk fat 5% group showed fatty degeneration of hepatocytes and showed congestion of control vein and fatty degeneration of hepatocytes.Liver of rat from duck fat 5% group showed cytoplasmic vacuolization of hepatocytes and showed no histopathological changes 50 percent have histopathologic changes, whenever, others 50 percent was heathy . 5 - Spleen Spleen of rat from negative control group showed no histopathological changes. However spleen of rat from national egg yolk 5% group and duck fat 5% group showed lymphocytic necrosis and depletion. Spleen of rat from egg yolk farms 5% group, chicken fat 5% group, milk fat 5% group and fat buffalo meat 5% group showed no histopatological changes. Spleen of rat from habbard chicken fat 5% group showed slight lymphocytic necrosis and depletion, lymphocytic necrosis and depletion and showed no histopathological changes. 6 - Eye 6.1 - Retina Retina of rat from negative control group showed no histophatholgical changes. Retina of rat from national egg yolk 5% group, egg yolk farms 5% group, chicken fat 5% group and duck fat 5% group showed no histopathological changes. However retina of rat from Habbard chicken fat 5% group, milk fat 5% group and fat buffalo meat 5% group showed mild retinal degeneration. English Summary 177 6.2 - Cornea Cornea of rat from negative control group showed no histopathological changes. Corner of rat from national egg yolk 5% group showed haemorrhage in lamina propria and showed thickening of stratified squamous epithelium and hyalinosis in lamina propria. Cornea of rat from egg yolk farms 5% group, chicken fat 5% group, fat buffalo meat 5% group and duck fat 5% group showed no histopathological changes. Cornea of rat from habbard chicken fat 5% group showed no histopathological changes and showed oedema and leucocytic cells infiltration in lamina proprioa 50 percent have histopathologic changes, whenever, others 50 percent was heathy. Cornea of rat from milk fat 5% group showed oedema in lamina propria and showed no histopathological changes 50 percent have histopathologic changes, whenever, others 50 percent was heathy. |