الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 102 |  |  |
| | | from | 102 | | |
Abstract
We have started interspesific hybridization program since 1998 at Wheat Research Department, Sids Agricultural Research Station. The main objective of this program is obtaining wide genetic diversity that breeders need in selection. Already we have some promising lines generated from interspecific hybridization program between hexiploid and tetraploid wheat that used in this study. The objectives of this study were to increase wheat productivity and adaptability by identifying and developing genotypes more adapted and stable in production under different environments.
Ten different environments were selected represent South, Middle and North Egypt (New Valley Agricultural Research Station (E 1), El-Mattana Agricultural Research Station (E 2), Shandawel Agricultural Research Station (E 3), Asuit Agricultural Research Station (E 4), Sids Agricultural Research Station (E 5), Sers El-ain Research Station (E 6), Gemmiza Research Station (E 7), Sakha Research Station (E 8), Kafer El-Hamam Research Station (E 9) and Nubaria Research Station (E 10). The selected environments numbered from 1 to 10 as previous order
Bread wheat material examined in this study included twenty four genotypes, [twenty two lines selected from screening yield trail at Sids Research Station 1 to 22 in addition to two check varieties (Sids1 (23) and Sakha 94 (24))] They were grown in six rows, 3.5m. long, 20 cm. apart with three replications using Randomized Complete Blocks Design in each of ten environments.
Data recorded in this study, number of spikes per m2, number of kernels per spike, 1000-kernel weight and grain yield (Kg./plot) .
Analysis of variance applied for each environment and combined analysis over all environments after test of error homogeneity (Bartelit test) for estimating interaction between environments and genotypes were performed. Phenotypic stability parameters were performed according to Eberhart and Russell (1966), and genotypic stability according to Tai (1971). The obtained results could be summarized as follows:
The results of analysis of variance over all ten environments for all traits studied revealed highly significant differences due to environments, genotypes and their interaction.
Number of spikes per m2:
1- Ten selected genotypes recorded the highest value compared the grand mean i.e two cultivars Sids 1 (23) and Sakha 94 (24) and lines number 5, 13, 2, 12, 11, 6, 8 and 14 which exhibited the highest number of spikes/m2 (410.07, 378.42, 396.23, 391.77, 381.98, 379.78, 383.63, 368.73, 366.60 and 370.92 spikes/m2, respectively and only four lines number 2, 5, 12 and 13 recorded values above check cultivar Sakha 94.
2- The environment number two E 2 (El-Mattana Agricultural Research Station) recorded the highest values for number of spikes per m2 (634.31 number of spikes/m2). While the environment number four (Assuit Agricultural Research Station) recorded the lowest value for this trait (240.46 number of spikes/m2).
3- Interaction between genotypes and environments caused highly significant differences for number of spikes/m2. Genotype number 13 at the environment number two recorded the highest value for number of spikes/m2 (710.00). While the line number 21 at the environment number four recorded the lowest value (182.67 spikes/m2).
Number of kernels per spike:
1- The highest value was 67.96 produced by the line number 9 (L. 9) followed by lines number 15, 18, 18, 8, 2, 1, 13, 14, 22 and No. 4 (67.16, 64.17, 64.52, 64.58, 64.23, 65.64, 64.52, 62.77 and 61.40 number of kernels per spike, respectively compared with the grand mean (60.94) and check varieties (Sids 1 (52.73) and Sakha 94 (50.21))
2- The environment number six (E 6) at Sids Agricultural Research Station recorded the highest value for number of kernels per spike (78.64 ). While the environment number four (E 4) at Assuit Agricultural Research Station recorded the lowest value (51.47).
3- Line number nine (L. 9) at environment number six (E 6) at Sids Agricultural Research Station recorded the highest value for number of kernels per spike (97.67). While the cultivar number 24 (Sakha 94) at the environment number two (E 2) recorded the lowest value for this trait (29.33).
1000- kernel weight:
1- The highest value produced by line L. 17 followed by lines number L. 18, L. 4, L. 1, L. 19 and L. 2 which gave (48.40) 55.28, 50.80, 50.39, 49.24, 49.11 and 48.49g for 1000-kernel weight, respectively.
2- The environment number six (E 6) at Sers El-Lain Agricultural Research Station recorded the highest value (50.38g). While the environment number one (E 1) at New Valley Agricultural Research Station recorded the lowest one for this trait (35.19 g).
3- Line number (L. 17) at the environment number five recorded the highest value (68.18 g). While the genotype number 21 at the environment number one recorded the lowest value for this trait (25.43 g).
4- Grain yield (Kg./plot):
1- Differences of wheat genotypes recorded highly significantly for this character. Lines number 1 (L. 1), 2 (L. 2), 4 (L. 4), 5 (L. 5), 7 (L.7), 8 (L. 8), 9 (L. 9), 10 (L. 10), 11 (L. 11), 12 (L. 12) 15 (L. 15), 18 (L. 18), 22 (L. 22) and Cultivar Sids 1 (23) recorded the highest value (2.97, 3.11, 3.12, 3.03, 2.92, 3.07, 3.01, 3.09, 3.00, 3.03, 2.99, 3.11, 3.07 and 3.18 Kg./plot respectively,) compared with the grand mean (2.92 Kg./plot).
2-The environment number 9 (Kafer El-Hamam Agricultural Research Station) recorded the highest value 3.87 Kg./plot. while the environment number 4 (Asuit Agricultural Research Station) recorded the lowest value 1.0 Kg./plot.
3- The line number. 12 at environment number two (El-Mattana Agricultural Research Station) and line number 21 at the environment number nine (Kafer El-Hamam Agricultural Research Station) recorded the highest value 4.37 Kg./plot. While the genotype number 17 recorded the lowest one (0.70 Kg./plot) at environment number two (El-Mattana Agricultural Research Station).
Phenotypic stability:
Number of spikes/m2:
The lines number. 2, 6, 8, 11, 18 and 21as well as the cultivar Sids 1 recorded the higher No. of spikes/m2 than grand mean, having (bi) did not significantly differ from one and (S2d) was insignificant,.
Number of kernels /spike:
Six lines i.e number 1, 2, 4, 8, 18 and 22 were stable for number of kernels/spike since these lines have (S2d) values were not significantly different from zero and bi=1, and higher number of kernels/spike compared to grand mean.
1000-kernel weight:
The lines number 2, 3, 4, 18 and 19 gave the minimum deviation mean square S2d, b = 1 and these lines recorded above grand mean, indicating that these lines are more stable than other genotypes.
Grain yield (Kg./plot):
The values of bi ranged from 0.5140 to 1.1712. This variation indicate differences in responses to environmental changes. The bi values were significantly differed from zero and did not differed significantly than one in all genotypes. While, some genotypes were not differ from zero (S2d = 0) and some genotypes differed from zero (S2d ≠ 0). Therefore, the lines number L. 1 , L. 2, L. 5, L. 6, L. 9, L. 11, and L. 22 recorded insignificant S2d values than zero, indicating that these genotypes recorded the most stable performance.
Genotypic stability:
Concerning genotypic stability for wheat genotypes under study according to Tai (1971) analysis.
Number of spikes/m2:
The lines No. L. 2, L. 5, L. 8, L. 11, L. 14, L. 18 and L. 21 and both cultivars Sids 1(23) and Sakha 94 (24) gave the highest No. of spikes/m2 than grand mean and gave the average genetic stability overall environments.
Number of kernels/spike:
Lines number 1, 3, 11, 15, 18 and 19 recorded above average stability and the third group that includes lines number L. 2, L. 4, L. 6, L. 7, L. 9, L. 21 and 23 (Sids 1) were below average stability (α > 0 ). While the lines No. 1, 2, 4, and 8 were the average of stability and it gave the highest mean value for this trait.
1000-kernel weight:
The lines number 3, 4, 6, 16 and 19 recorded above average stability (α < 0) and (λ = 1). While lines number 2, 10, 13, 14, 15, 21 and number 22 recorded below average stability (α > 0) and (λ = 1) for this trait.
Grain yield (Kg./plot):
The lines number 3 and 7 recorded a degree of above average stability α < 0 and λ = 1 with probability 90%. while genotypes number 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 11, 21, 22 and 23 have a below average stability with probability 90%.