الفهرس 
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Abstract
Jeddah City is located on the western province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia at the
central part of coastal area of the red sea. Jeddah City is the second largest city in Saudi
Arabia (after Riyadh) and it is the most important Red sea port. The City is of great
importance for Islamic pilgrims going east to Makkah (Hajj). It has a large population
(above 2,800,000) and lies within the Makkah governorate. It is located between Latitude
21° 1S’and21° SS’N,and longitudes39°00’and39°1S’ E. (Figure1).
The land of Jeddah City is almost a flat, low-lying coastal plain within Tihamat al Hijaz,
extending eastward to the rugged Sarawat mountains (Precambrian rocks of the Arabian
shield). The land surface is rocky or sandy and sparsely vegetated. Scrubby trees and
shrubs are concentrated along the major wadies. The populated area till 2001 was about
1200 km2 (Basamed, 2001) which approximately doubled due to the large urban
development both vertically and horizontally.