الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
T1D is a relatively common disease. It is an autoimmune disorder that destroys the beta cells of the pancreas that produce insulin. It affects children in their prepubertal age and it is a lifelong disease that is treatable but not curable.
Its effects on the different body systems are known but on the sexual development and maturation are still unclear.
We aimed by this study to investigate the pubertal disorders that may occur in type 1 diabetic boys.
To approach our goal; 20 type 1 diabetic boys, aging 14- years (15.95 ± 1.3 years) were selected as the patient group. Another 20 healthy, age matched volunteers were included as a control group.
For both, the stage of sexual maturation- Tanner’s stage - and hormonal profile - FSH, LH, prolactin and total testosterone - were measured as well as the growth parameters, including the weight height and BMI were evaluated. The results were statistically analysed and compared between the patient and the control group.
Conclusions The results showed that:
1- Patients included in the study have bad glycemic control.
2- T1D caused marked retardation of puberty as about one quarter (25%) of the diseased boys were still sexually immature –did not reach the Tanner`s stage V yet-, while in the control group 90%
were sexually mature and only 10% were still immature.
3- FSH, LH and total testosterone were lower in the type 1 diabetic boys compared to control (significantly in the former and latter and insignificant for LH).
4- Prolactin was significantly lower in the diseased group.
5- Type 1 diabetic boys showed lower growth parameters as their weight, height and BMI were less than the control (significantly for the first two and insignificantly for the BMI).
from this study; it is evident that in Menoufiya governorate where our patients were selected – type 1 diabetic boys did not receive adequate nutrition, enough health care or correct insulin dosage. So they were more prone to these sexual and maturational problems and mostly they are liable to early complications of the disease.