الفهرس 
PathophysiologyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that most commonly involve the terminal ileum and colon (55 %).
It also known as granulomatous colitis and regional entritis.It also may affect any part of GIT from mouth to anus.The incidence of crohn’s disease (CD) varies from country to country.
It primarily causes abdominal pain, diarrhea (which may be bloody), vomiting, weight loss, and may also cause complications such as pyogenic complications. These complications are most commonly in the form of Perianal or intraabdominal abscesses and/or fistulas. Complications in these 2 distinct areas are managed differently.
The etiology of CD remains unknown .Mycobacterium avium Para tuberculosis is an obligate intra-cellular organism that has frequently been associated with crohn’s disease.
The disease classified according to the most affected areas; Ileocolic Crohn’s,Crohn’s ileitisCrohn’s colitis.There is no single test to confidently confirm or exclude the diagnosis of CD.The gold standard for the diagnosis of CD remains endoscopic evaluation with tissue histology.
The goal of treatment of CD is not only to induce remission of the active disease but also to prevent relapse. An individual treatment plan, based on type, severity and location of inflammation, age and psychological factors, is devised for each patient. Treatment may consist of one, or a combination of, nutritional treatment (or supplementation), drug therapy and possibly surgery.
Treatment of Crohn’s disease involves first treating the acute symptoms of the disease, then maintaining remission. Treatment initially involves the use of medications to eliminate infections, generally antibiotics, and reduce inflammation.Surgery is usually avoided in Crohn’s disease as it is not curative. However, there are certain specific clinical situations where it is indicated.
Operative management cannot be expected to solve every problem related to Crohn’s disease. Overall, careful use of medical therapy, appropriately combined with surgical therapy, provides the best treatment of Crohn’s disease.
Surgery for Crohn’s disease is undertaken for failure of medical management or complications of the disease or from therapy.Now nearly all surgical operations can be done laparoscopically. Laparoscopic surgery has now been applied to a wide variety of diseases of the intestine, both malignant and benign with great success. Benefits of laparoscopy include reduced ileus, post-operative pain andhospital stay. The use of laparoscopic surgery for the management of Crohn’s disease encompasses diversion procedures (e.g. ileostomy, colostomy), stricturoplasty, and resectional procedures (e.g. segmental or [sub] total colectomy, ileocolic [re] resection, and segmental small bowel resections) or a combination of these procedures.