الفهرس 
Fat cell histologyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 94 |  |  |
| | | from | 94 | | |
Abstract
Fischer described liposuction in 1978.With the advent of techniques of fat grafting of the aspirated fat, grafting has gained wide popularity in correction of contour deformities. In the beginning of the 80s the usage extended to injection for contouring defects of the buttocks, anterior tibial area, lateral thighs, coccyx area, breasts, and face with great controversy concerning the success of the trials. American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery reported fat injection as basic and of scientific bases but still under experimental usage and require more clinical studies before complete approval. Later on successful trials have been reported for various purposes and then the concept of fat injection has gained further researches and indications. Autologous fat has had extended use in non-aesthetic situations. This opens the door to many more applications of the procedure. Further research is important to find other uses for fat transfer.
Vascularity of both donor and recipient affect graft viability as low vascularity of the donor and high vascularity of the recipient lead to good survival of the graft, also a traumatic technique concerning fat harvesting will give good viable graft, wide diameter of the cannula of the harvesting with blunt end will give more viable graft than narrow cannula, washing of the graft with saline to remove blood will favor more viability of the graft.
Fat grafting mainly was invented to fill defects and furrows and to overcome wrinkles, but now it has variety of indications including aesthetic indications such as facial augmentation in the malar area, cheeks, lips and eyelids corrugations, breast augmentation, gluteal augmentation , gluteal defects filling, hand rejuvenation and genital organs augmentation. Non aesthetic indications including hemi-facial atrophy, post-acne scars, clival cordomas, congenital short palate, migraine headache, myringoplasty, vocal cord paralysis, vocal fold scars.
Fat injection can be considered a technique of low complications if sterile techniques for harvest and injection were maintained, yet physicians performing fat transfer must understand in detail the relevant fat transfer anatomy, pathophysiology, and complications resulting from the techniques used and their prevention and treatment. They must receive specific training programs by experienced physicians before performing fat transfer independently. Main disadvantage of fat injection is fat resorption which can be considered natural sequel rather than a complication and constitutes about 30-50 % of injected fat requiring 30-50% overcorrection or repeated fat injection in multiple sessions with 3-6 months interval. Other complications include bruises, temporary swelling and tenderness. Calcification and traumatic fat necrosis have been reported in fat transplantation for breast augmentation.