الفهرس 
Chapter one: IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Existence of a huge amount of industries in Alexandria in addition to lack of planning that is
based on comprehensive environmental management, create a land use and land cover conflict
along with negative environmental impacts on the environment of the city and inhabitants. The
adverse impacts of existence of metal smelters within the residential areas in many districts of
Alexandria have been long recognized. Complaints have been filed against many smelters
concerning emissions and noise. The governorate has then decided to carry out a project,
supported by the social fund, for transfer and development of these smelters to an area outside
the residential of the city.
As stipulated by Law 4/94 and its amendment 9/2009 for environmental protection, such
transfer and development requires carrying out an environmental impact assessment for both site
selection and project implementation.
The study involved an assessment of old sites within the residential areas and several other
sites within and outside the residential areas of Alexandria. Those sites have been suggested by
using modern environmental management tools R.S & GIS.
Using satellite image and building GIS system to obtain land cover and land use in Alexandria
governorate to get alternative sites for transporting smelters outside residential areas showing
that there are four sites to transport smelters (El Nahda –Borg El Arab-El Mostamra – Om
Zeghio). By field visits and data collection, it has been found out that, Alexandria has land cover
and land use conflict. To solve this conflict, decision makers have to reassess land use and land
cover then rearrange the priorities of land use according to the needs of inhabitants and the
environmental impacts of this need to achieve sustainable development.
Measurements and assessment of the old site have indicated that environmental conditions
are seriously deteriorating and that transferring and developing these smelters are well justified.
It is recommended that a decontamination project should be carried out of the site to minimize
exposure of residents to pollution in any future activity at the site.
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Summary
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Investigations of environmental conditions at the suggested sites have been carried out
through several field visits and measurements of baseline environmental conditions and
surrounding land use. Considerations of the suggested project have been investigated through
analyzing potential impacts, estimation of the carrying capacity, modeling of potential air
emissions in the downwind direction and comparison among alternative sites and alternative
technologies. Control measures have been suggested which required reconsideration of technical
and economic evaluation.
It is concluded that the site suggested at (Borg El Arab industrial zone of size around 6000
feddans ,the share of the fourth industrial zone without its extensions is 686 feddan) is the most
suitable alternative so far for transferring a limited number of smelters of specific clean
technology provided that the following stipulations are all met:
Natural gas will be the only source of fuel allowed. An approval document from petroleum
general authority must be obtained. Integrated financial support is necessary.
Smelters are of suitable economic size and are provided with high technology ignition
systems and proper preliminary metal pollution control systems (e.g. cyclones). The output of
cyclones is totally directed under a closed duct to electrostatic precipitators and/or bag filters to
guarantee compliance to environmental regulations. Also, considerations of cleaner technology
options and investigations of possibility of cooperative melting systems should be investigated.
An environmental management system must be established to ensure sustainability of
environmental conditions including establishment of a strong monitoring system based on daily
monitoring of levels of heavy metals, hourly SO2 and hydrocarbons. A registry should be kept
for inspection by EEAA according to regulations. Also, a system for collecting and directing
rainfall and wastewater contaminated with metals for treatment should be installed in compliance
with environmental laws and regulations. A domestic sewerage system must also be established.
Planting high and dense Eucalyptus tree fence around the suggested site particularly towards
the southwestern direction will reduce potential impacts of pollution.
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Summary
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Provisions should be guaranteed to carry out proper maintenance at periodic times to assure
compliance to environmental regulations and administrative roles.
Establishment of a quality control laboratory and training center for workers to use it as an
integrated market and exhibition center for promoting selling high quality products, moreover,
establishing a training school for personnel in the area and making sure of the first priority
employment for graduates of the surrounding area.
More effort should be exerted to stop environmental deterioration on Alexandria as a result of
residents’ activities.
Decision makers have to rethink about transporting smelters to El Nahda petrochemicals
area (it is enough for 128 smelters complex) there are other 272 should be transported from
residential area inside city to Borg el Arab industrial zone area.