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Abstract Existence of a huge amount of industries in Alexandria in addition to lack of planning that is based on comprehensive environmental management, create a land use and land cover conflict along with negative environmental impacts on the environment of the city and inhabitants. The adverse impacts of existence of metal smelters within the residential areas in many districts of Alexandria have been long recognized. Complaints have been filed against many smelters concerning emissions and noise. The governorate has then decided to carry out a project, supported by the social fund, for transfer and development of these smelters to an area outside the residential of the city. As stipulated by Law 4/94 and its amendment 9/2009 for environmental protection, such transfer and development requires carrying out an environmental impact assessment for both site selection and project implementation. The study involved an assessment of old sites within the residential areas and several other sites within and outside the residential areas of Alexandria. Those sites have been suggested by using modern environmental management tools R.S & GIS. Using satellite image and building GIS system to obtain land cover and land use in Alexandria governorate to get alternative sites for transporting smelters outside residential areas showing that there are four sites to transport smelters (El Nahda –Borg El Arab-El Mostamra – Om Zeghio). By field visits and data collection, it has been found out that, Alexandria has land cover and land use conflict. To solve this conflict, decision makers have to reassess land use and land cover then rearrange the priorities of land use according to the needs of inhabitants and the environmental impacts of this need to achieve sustainable development. Measurements and assessment of the old site have indicated that environmental conditions are seriously deteriorating and that transferring and developing these smelters are well justified. It is recommended that a decontamination project should be carried out of the site to minimize exposure of residents to pollution in any future activity at the site. 66 Summary ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Investigations of environmental conditions at the suggested sites have been carried out through several field visits and measurements of baseline environmental conditions and surrounding land use. Considerations of the suggested project have been investigated through analyzing potential impacts, estimation of the carrying capacity, modeling of potential air emissions in the downwind direction and comparison among alternative sites and alternative technologies. Control measures have been suggested which required reconsideration of technical and economic evaluation. It is concluded that the site suggested at (Borg El Arab industrial zone of size around 6000 feddans ,the share of the fourth industrial zone without its extensions is 686 feddan) is the most suitable alternative so far for transferring a limited number of smelters of specific clean technology provided that the following stipulations are all met: Natural gas will be the only source of fuel allowed. An approval document from petroleum general authority must be obtained. Integrated financial support is necessary. Smelters are of suitable economic size and are provided with high technology ignition systems and proper preliminary metal pollution control systems (e.g. cyclones). The output of cyclones is totally directed under a closed duct to electrostatic precipitators and/or bag filters to guarantee compliance to environmental regulations. Also, considerations of cleaner technology options and investigations of possibility of cooperative melting systems should be investigated. An environmental management system must be established to ensure sustainability of environmental conditions including establishment of a strong monitoring system based on daily monitoring of levels of heavy metals, hourly SO2 and hydrocarbons. A registry should be kept for inspection by EEAA according to regulations. Also, a system for collecting and directing rainfall and wastewater contaminated with metals for treatment should be installed in compliance with environmental laws and regulations. A domestic sewerage system must also be established. Planting high and dense Eucalyptus tree fence around the suggested site particularly towards the southwestern direction will reduce potential impacts of pollution. 67 Summary ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Provisions should be guaranteed to carry out proper maintenance at periodic times to assure compliance to environmental regulations and administrative roles. Establishment of a quality control laboratory and training center for workers to use it as an integrated market and exhibition center for promoting selling high quality products, moreover, establishing a training school for personnel in the area and making sure of the first priority employment for graduates of the surrounding area. More effort should be exerted to stop environmental deterioration on Alexandria as a result of residents’ activities. Decision makers have to rethink about transporting smelters to El Nahda petrochemicals area (it is enough for 128 smelters complex) there are other 272 should be transported from residential area inside city to Borg el Arab industrial zone area. |