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Abstract Twenty species of Red Sea coral reef fishes, belonging to two families Labridae and Scaridae (order: Perciformes, Class: Actinoptergii) were cyto- and molecule-genetically studied, using air drying technique and RAPD-PCR analysis. The results of cytogenetical analusis (karyotyping) and of RAPD-PCR analysis were compared with those obtained from the classical methods in taxonomy using morphological and anatomical characters, the following is a summary of the results. Family: Labridae Cheilinus lunulatus The chromosomal analysis of Cheilinus lunulatus indicated that, it has a diploid chromosome number of 2n=40 and fundamental number FN=54. Cheilinus abudjubbe The counted metaphase spread of Cheilinus abudjubbe showed 2n=40 and FN=54. Cheilinus mentalis The of this species was found to have a diploid chromosome number of 2n=44 and FN=60. Cheilinuus digrammus The chromosomal analysis of C. digrammus showed that it has a diploid chromosome number of 2n=40 and FN=52. Larabicus quadrilineatus The most counted spreads of this species were found to be 2n-48 and FN=48. Hemigymnus melapterus The chromosomes of H. melapterus were counted giving the diploid chromosome number 2n=48 and FN=48. Thalassoma rueppellii Chromosomal analysis of T. rueppllii showed a diploid chromosome number 2n=48, FN=48. Thlassoma lunare The karyotype of t. lunare showed that the diploid chromosome number of this species is 2n=48 and FN=48. Gomphosus caeruleus The diploid chromosome number of this species was found to be 2n=48 and FN=48. Cheilio inermis The chromosomal analysis of Cheilio inermis showed that it has a diploid chromosome number of 2n=48 and FN=66. Family: Scaridae Hipposcarus harid In hipposcarus harid All primers amplified yielded distinct RAPD patterns, the eight primers generated 54 fragments, ranging from 1 by the primer OPA-19 to 13 the primer OPO-11 and the size of these fragments arranged from 250 bp by the primers OPA-18 and OPO-11 to 2100 bp by the primer OPA-17 Cetascarus bicolor Chlorurus sordidus Chlorurus gibbus Scarus ferrugineus Scarus psittacus Scarus frenatus Scarus genazonatus Scarus fuscopurpureus Scarus niger |