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Abstract Oregano can be considered one of the most important spices both on Mediterranean countries and elsewhere. The Origanum species, which are rich in essential oils, have been used for thousands of years as spices and as local medicines in traditional medicine. Oregano, is constrained severely can summarized based on several reports: (1) The very small size of oregano seeds (1000 seeds weigh ± 0.1- 0.2 g), and the low germination rate (2%). So today we are able to propagate oregano (as well as other spices) by means of un rooted stem cuttings, (2) Plant division is used traditionally to propagate oregano. however, Continuous vegetative propagation leads to crop decline due to the accumulation in time of several systemic fungal, bacterial, and viral infections, which leads to yield and quality reduction, (3) Oregano species are crops for which genetic improvement is most necessary because of their high chemical and physiological heterogeneity. Breeding work has focus mainly on Oregano species and some hybrids, by using chemogenetic results and male sterility as tools for controlled crossings. Results so far are promising, Further research is, however, still needed, particularly to investigate the species’ genetic background and the possible application of biotechnology in this area, (4) The histological analysis has pointed out the normal development of flower from flore primordia differentiation to gametophyte germination and fertilization. The first stages of seed formation evolve normally but once the globular and/or torpedo stage is reached not all embryos are able to carry on their normal development. This results in the formation of poorly formed seeds that are unable to germinate, (5) The degree of diversity within the genus is very high and still little investigated, becauseToday evaluation work should be focusing on the genetic diversity of Origanum species with special regard to their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. So, the aim of this study is application of different techniques of plant biotechnology and biochemistry i.e tissue culture, in vitro propagation of oregano, callus induction from different explants like shoot tip, stem and leave, Study the genetic stability by SDS-PAGE protein fingerprinting technique to compare the wild plants to the plant micropropagated in vitro, analysis and characterization of active component that found in in vivo plant, in vitro plant and in vitro callus to determination the type and amounts of essential oils. |