الفهرس 
Embryology of the LiverOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 168 |  |  |
| | | from | 168 | | |
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the commonest metabolic disorder of the bone and the most difficult to treat. It is defined as a systemic skeletal disease which is due to gradual loss of bone mass to a point where the bones become fragile and fracture with minimal trauma. It is also, a common complication of long term glucocorticoid therapy for which there is no well proved preventive or restorative treatment.
Medications include both antiresorptive and anabolic types. Antiresorptive medications-estrogens, selective estrogen receptor modulators (raloxifene), bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate, and ibandronate) and calcitonins-work by reducing rates of bone remodeling.
Bisphosphonates are currently the most important class of antiresorptive drugs used for treatment of diseases with excess bone resorption.
Alendronate sodium (fosamax); an aminobisphosphonate and a selective inhibitor of osteoclast mediated bone resorption, is used to treat osteoporosis and Paget’s disease of bone.
The main side effect of alendronate is gastric and esophageal inflammation but renal failure, hepatitis, ocular damage, skin reactions, and hypocalcemia have also been reported.
Liver dysfunction due to alendronate in a postmenopausal woman given the drug for osteoporosis had been reported.