الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
MATERIALS AND METHODSOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In this work the effect of Lambda_cyhalothrin as a synthetic pyrethroid and Chlorpyrifos ethyl as an organophosphorous insecticides have been investigated in Oreochromis niloticus. In this study, the half lethal concentration (LC50) of Lambda_cyhalothrin was recorded in Oreochromis niloticus as 4.6 μg/l. However, the half lethal concentration (LC50) of Chlorpyrifos ethyl in Oreochromis niloticus was 287.5 μg/l. In order to investigate the effects accompanied the exposure of Oreochromis niloticus to sublethal concentrations (tenth and fifth half lethal concentrations) of Lambda_cyhalothrin and Chlorpyrifos ethyl for different periods (96 hrs and 30 days) and possible recovery after transferring fish to dechlorinated tap water for 10 days. Serum biochemical analysis revealed an increase in glucose levels, liver enzymes values and an increase in kidney function indicators (creatinine and uric acid) in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to 0.46 and 0.92 μg/l in case of Lambda_cyhalothrin and 28.75 and 57.5 μg/l in case of Chlorpyrifos ethyl for 96 hrs and 30 days. On the other hand, rearing of fish in dechlorinated tap water for ten days after exposure to the same sub lethal concentrations for the same studied periods revealed more or less similarities with the control group fish. Moreover, the most efficient recovery was recorded in fish exposed to 0.46 μg/l in case of Lambda_cyhalothrin and 28.75 μg/l in case of Chlorpyrifos ethyl for 96 hrs then reared in dechlorinated tap water for 10 days. Serum biochemical analysis revealed an increase in glucose levels, liver enzymes values and an increase in kidney function indicators (creatinine and uric acid) in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to 0.46 and 0.92 μg/l in case of Lambda_cyhalothrin and 28.75 and 57.5 μg/l in case of
Chlorpyrifos ethyl for 96 hrs and 30 days. On the other hand, rearing of fish in dechlorinated tap water for ten days after exposure to the same sub lethal concentrations for the same studied periods revealed more or less similarities with the control group fish. Moreover, the most efficient recovery was recorded in fish exposed to 0.46 μg/l in case of Lambda_cyhalothrin and 28.75 μg/l in case of Chlorpyrifos ethyl for 96 hrs then reared in dechlorinated tap water for 10 days.
In this work the effect of Lambda_cyhalothrin as a synthetic pyrethroid and Chlorpyrifos ethyl as an organophosphorous insecticides have been investigated in Oreochromis niloticus. In this study, the half lethal concentration (LC50) of Lambda_cyhalothrin was recorded in Oreochromis niloticus as 4.6 μg/l. However, the half lethal concentration (LC50) of Chlorpyrifos ethyl in Oreochromis niloticus was 287.5 μg/l. In order to investigate the effects accompanied the exposure of Oreochromis niloticus to sublethal concentrations (tenth and fifth half lethal concentrations) of Lambda_cyhalothrin and Chlorpyrifos ethyl for different periods (96 hrs and 30 days) and possible recovery after transferring fish to dechlorinated tap water for 10 days. Serum biochemical analysis revealed an increase in glucose levels, liver enzymes values and an increase in kidney function indicators (creatinine and uric acid) in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to 0.46 and 0.92 μg/l in case of Lambda_cyhalothrin and 28.75 and 57.5 μg/l in case of Chlorpyrifos ethyl for 96 hrs and 30 days. On the other hand, rearing of fish in dechlorinated tap water for ten days after exposure to the same sub lethal concentrations for the same studied periods revealed more or less similarities with the control group fish. Moreover, the most efficient recovery was recorded in fish exposed to 0.46 μg/l in case of Lambda_cyhalothrin and 28.75 μg/l in case of Chlorpyrifos ethyl for 96 hrs then reared in dechlorinated tap water for 10 days. Serum biochemical analysis revealed an increase in glucose levels, liver enzymes values and an increase in kidney function indicators (creatinine and uric acid) in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to 0.46 and 0.92 μg/l in case of Lambda_cyhalothrin and 28.75 and 57.5 μg/l in case of
Chlorpyrifos ethyl for 96 hrs and 30 days. On the other hand, rearing of fish in dechlorinated tap water for ten days after exposure to the same sub lethal concentrations for the same studied periods revealed more or less similarities with the control group fish. Moreover, the most efficient recovery was recorded in fish exposed to 0.46 μg/l in case of Lambda_cyhalothrin and 28.75 μg/l in case of Chlorpyrifos ethyl for 96 hrs then reared in dechlorinated tap water for 10 days.
In this work the effect of Lambda_cyhalothrin as a synthetic pyrethroid and Chlorpyrifos ethyl as an organophosphorous insecticides have been investigated in Oreochromis niloticus. In this study, the half lethal concentration (LC50) of Lambda_cyhalothrin was recorded in Oreochromis niloticus as 4.6 μg/l. However, the half lethal concentration (LC50) of Chlorpyrifos ethyl in Oreochromis niloticus was 287.5 μg/l. In order to investigate the effects accompanied the exposure of Oreochromis niloticus to sublethal concentrations (tenth and fifth half lethal concentrations) of Lambda_cyhalothrin and Chlorpyrifos ethyl for different periods (96 hrs and 30 days) and possible recovery after transferring fish to dechlorinated tap water for 10 days. Serum biochemical analysis revealed an increase in glucose levels, liver enzymes values and an increase in kidney function indicators (creatinine and uric acid) in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to 0.46 and 0.92 μg/l in case of Lambda_cyhalothrin and 28.75 and 57.5 μg/l in case of Chlorpyrifos ethyl for 96 hrs and 30 days. On the other hand, rearing of fish in dechlorinated tap water for ten days after exposure to the same sub lethal concentrations for the same studied periods revealed more or less similarities with the control group fish. Moreover, the most efficient recovery was recorded in fish exposed to 0.46 μg/l in case of Lambda_cyhalothrin and 28.75 μg/l in case of Chlorpyrifos ethyl for 96 hrs then reared in dechlorinated tap water for 10 days. Serum biochemical analysis revealed an increase in glucose levels, liver enzymes values and an increase in kidney function indicators (creatinine and uric acid) in Oreochromis niloticus exposed to 0.46 and 0.92 μg/l in case of Lambda_cyhalothrin and 28.75 and 57.5 μg/l in case of
Chlorpyrifos ethyl for 96 hrs and 30 days. On the other hand, rearing of fish in dechlorinated tap water for ten days after exposure to the same sub lethal concentrations for the same studied periods revealed more or less similarities with the control group fish. Moreover, the most efficient recovery was recorded in fish exposed to 0.46 μg/l in case of Lambda_cyhalothrin and 28.75 μg/l in case of Chlorpyrifos ethyl for 96 hrs then reared in dechlorinated tap water for 10 days.