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Abstract
Current web contains billions of documents and has many administrative problems and limitations. In addition, the web content is still accessible only to humans. The solution to these problems is the Semantic Web. The Semantic Web is considered to be the extension for the current web. But there are problems facing the Semantic Web now, including the fact that there is no clear architecture for it. Another problem is that there are four versions created by Tim Berners-Lee; still up to now there has been no agreement on one of these versions nor is there a clear picture of the relation between different layers inside this architecture and the associated technologies. This thesis presents the four versions of the Semantic Web architecture, describing the function(s) and status of each layer and associated technologies, evaluates them using Gerber evaluation method and determines other design principles needed to modify and adapt this architecture as a step toward an agreement on one Semantic Web architecture. Besides, our design of a new modified model for the Semantic Web architecture depends on the idea of previous versions as well as Gerber’s evaluation. Ontologies are considered the backbone of the Semantic Web. Without ontologies the Semantic Web cannot exist. So, we studied different methodologies and different modeling techniques, and developed a new methodology for building ontologies, using it to build three different ontologies belonging to different domains as a way for representing information in a semantic way via the World Wide Web.