الفهرس 
الباب الثانىOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Providing food is one of the main goals for any community and
shortage of food result in economical and social proplems. so, food security
is one of the main goals to be realized in Egypt, food security means providing
food requires to all population.
Since 1960 ’s Egypt has depended mainly on importing to provide
many of food commodities especialy cereals and this imports increased
sharply after 1970 .
No one can deny that providing wheat represents a great burden on
economical and social development in Egypt and due to the gap between
production and consumption of wheat , Egypt is obligated to increase its
imports of wheat. Also, bad quality of bread, play an crucial role in increasing
our imports of wheat, this need to study wheat processing from the
economical point of view .
The objective of this study is to make focus on some economic
sides; production, consumption, imports of wheat as it considered the main
raw material for wheat processing. Also, this study aims to focus on wheat
processing; milling of wheat and bread making in Egypt.
The study depends on descriptive and econometric analysis and investigate
to analyze the available data on wheat and wheat processing;
milling and bread making.
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The study includes five chpaters. The first chapter deals with the
introduction, the secound one comprises the previous studies and its
results, while the third one focus on production, consumption and imports
of wheat - as well as - the wheat gap in Egypt. The fourth chapter
concerend with wheat milling. Finally the fifth one stndy beard making in
Egypt.
Results showed that cultivated area, production, consumption,
impots of wheat as well as wheat gap through the period (1965 - 1992)
had an increasing trend at significance levels (0.05).
Wheat mills in Egypt are idenfied to state and private enterprises, as
well as milling machines (Mawani) which are scattered all overl rural
areas. The number of wheat mills affiliated to the public enteprise
estimated by 136 mills, its actual capcity amound to 18488 thosand
ton/day. Cairo governorat comes in the first place with respect to wheat
flour production it produced about 16.3 % from the total annual wheat
flour production of puplic enteprises during 1991/ 1992 while the number
of private mills, authorized by Ministry of Supply, esbnated by 33 mills its
actual capcity amounted to 1657 ton/day. Giza governorate came in the
first place in respect to number of mills and the actual capcity, it produce
about 40% of the total annual wheat flour production of the privat
enterprises.
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Mills are identified. according. to its type of operation, to recent
roller mills, old roller mills and stone mills.
Costs of production are estimated for the three types of mills previously
mentioned. total costs of wheat milling include fixed and variable
costs. Fixed costs include wages. depreciation of durable inputs, maintinance
and repair costs. insurance and rent. Wages are considered the most
important item in fixed costs of wheat milling industry it represents about
45% , 80 and 81% of total fixed costs of recent rollar mills. old rollar mills
and stone mills respectively . Total variable costs include the value of
wheat. costs of materials (such as fuel) , interest rates and banking costs.
The value of wheat is the most important item in the total variabe costs, it
represents about 92.8% , 93.9% • 94% of total variable costs in the recent
mills, old mills and stone mills respectively,
Marginal costs of wheat milling is estimated by 375 L.E. 180.45
L.E and 136.58 L.E. for the recent mills. old mills and stone mills respectively.
In Egypt bakaries are identified to Balady, shamy and Afrangi bakaries.
its number are estimated by 8687 its capacity estimared by 10729
sac / day during 1991/ 1992.
Cairo governorate comes in the first place respect to number of bakaeries
and its capacity as it represent about 16% from the total number of
bakaries and its capacity represent about 23% of the total capacity
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during 199111992.
Cost of flour is the largest item in the total costs of bread making, it
represent about 50 % of the total costs.
Total costs of bread making showed an annual increasing trend evaluated
by 5.85 Millem
on studying loss in wheat and its products the results showed that,
loss in local wheat represent 35 % of the local wheat production, while that
of imported wheat represent 4 % of the imported quantity.
Loss of flour • bran , sahla bread, and solar during bread making is
evaluated by 40.000 to, 5.600 ton, 78.800 ton and 13 million gollon respectively
during 1991/] 992 .