الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
1. El-Fayoum depression is a circular old and deep depression at the
northern part of the western desert of Egypt between 29 0 10’ to 290
34’ N latitudes and 300 15 to 31 0 60’ S longitudes.
The depression area is about 1704 km2 (409056 feddan). Almost
about 1588.7km2 (381288 feddan) are the cultivated area.
2. There are many types of soil classified under three orders, Aridisols
Entisols and Vertisols. Due to the different kind of soils, different
crops, changes in the soil characteristics and soil degradations, there
are very important to study and reevaluating these soils in order to
determine these suitability for different crops and the capability
classes.
3. Twenty four profiles representative to the different soil units are
morphologically described and chemically studied.
4. According to the field description, analysis data and by using Soil
Taxonomy (USDA, 1998). The investigated soils have been
classified to the subgreat group level as the follows.
a- Typic Haplocalids (profiles Nos. 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) in the
eastern, western and southern part of depression, it represents
25.22% of the total cultivated area.
b- Typic Haplosolids (profiles 10 and 11) in the northern part an
adjacent Qarun lake and represents 3.33% of the total area.
c- Typic Haplogypsids (profiles 12, 13) in the northeastern part, it
represent 6.49% of the total area.
d- Typic Torrifluvents (profile 14) in the central part of depression
and represent 8.45% of the total cultivated area.
e- Typic Torripsamments (profile 15) in the south western side, it is
represent 4.3 7%.
f- Typic Haplotorrerts and Ca1citorrerts (profiles 16, 17, 18, 19, 20,
21,22,23 and 24) in the central part of depression and its the major
unit which represents 45.45% of the total area.
5- according to the (USDA) Land Capability Classification, the area
under investigation had been classified according to their limiting
factors (wetness, slope texture, salinity, alkalinity, CaCO 3 content,
climate and erosion) into four classes such as;
Class II : Most of this class is located in the middle part of area. They
are suitable for most crops and free of salinity, few limiting factors in
this class, CaC03 and alkalinity are the main limiting factors. This
class represents 30.05% of the total area (122904 feddan).
Class III : In the eastern, western and north western parts of
depression and represents 29.01 % of the total cultivated area
(118680 feddan). These soils are high CaC03 content which is the
main limiting factors beside alkalinity and poor drainage system. The
soils are moderately yield and need a careful management such as a
good drainage system and leaching.
Class IV : In the northern part of depression, it represents 29.29%
(119808 feddan) of the total cultivated area. These soils are highly
saline alkaline and poorly drained. The soils of this class give a very
low yield and severe limitations that reduce crop growth, they need
leacing and good drainage system.
Class V. In the west and southwestern part it represents 11.65%
(47664 feddan) of the total cultivated area. These soils are not
suitable for most crops because the highly alkalinity, shallow, poorly
drained, poor organic matter content.
6- We noticed that the most effective factors for capability are CaCO 3
content (22.4%), alkalinity (20.1%), poorly drained (18.2%), texture
(20.4%), salinity (6.9%) and depth (6.3%).
7- According to ”Sys” System (1995) and ALES (1995). The land
suitability of El Fayoum depression was studied with the main
”LuTs” (wheat, maize, cotton, rice, olive, onion, mango, date palm,
tomato and alfa alfa) and found that: The main limiting factors are
highly CaC03’ highly alkaline, low organic matter content, poorly
drained, salinity and texture. In calcids unit, it is very suitable for
field crops followed by fruit trees.
In gypsids unit, the best ”LUT” are field crops, fallowed by tomato,
rice and onion.
Saline units: The best ”LUT” are cotton and olive, its not suitable for
field crops.
Torrerts units: The best unit for all ”LUTs”, it is highly suitable for
field crops and vegetables.
Torrifluvents : The best ”LUTs” are wheat, maize, alfa alfa onion and
cotton.
Torripsamments : maize, olive, onion and alfa alfa are the best
”LUTs”, its very shallow and poorly drainaged.
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