الفهرس 
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Abstract
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<8 U M MAR Y
Them~in objective of this investigation was to study the
effect of gamma-rays, ethyl amine (EA) and their combined trea~
ments, on some of M1 growth, forage and grain yield characters
and on frequency and spectrum of mutations induced in U2
and mutation expression in the M3, of sorghum cultivar Giza 1.
This study was carried out in Desert Institute Research Station
at Mariut, Alexandria. Governorate, during three successive seasons,
1986, 1987 and 1988. Five gamma-rays dose j.• A. 0,5,10,20
and 30 Kr, five concentrations of EA i.e. 0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3 and
0.4 %, and six combined treatments i.e. 20 and 30 Kr followed
by EA 0.1,0.2, and 0.3 % were used in this study.
Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design
with six replications to evaluate M1plants. After 70-days
from sowing plants of three replications were catting to study
the following characters: plant height, total blade area per
plant fresh and dry weight of blade~plant, fresh and dry weight
of stem sheaths/plant, and forage yield.
At grain maturing sixty plants from each of the three noncatting
replication were randomly selected from each treatment
.-tl’:”}; ~’ur’Jvial plant, i”llanthe Lght , total ar-e a of ;)1ar.e s ,
;1.’;’;.;;, ~”l’ ,1’y \Wi[)lt of :..::rf~cn b Lade s , f r-e ah anr. dry \”wir;ht of’
-_._---- ._----_._-------_._--- ------ -~--_._---
-1.07-
s t.Pr:. + ~’-’,lct:”.,J:’!”(C.t’1L, • ’” n,- lan. t ’u r-r-e e n bla(~es/stem+ sheaths ratio, nun-
’)(;1’ of l-,r::H·,~.3 per plant, head length, number of ~rains per mail)
~le;-(, lC~OO- r.r~in \’Jcir:ht per rnai n head, forage yield, arid gr-a Ln
J i (;1r;.
Ab.out 100 random plants from each treatment, at heading stage,
were bagged by kraft bages. These plants were separately threshed
to sowing in 100-row in each replication in Me generation.
During the M
2
generation season, all plants from germ~n~tipn to
harvest were screened to find out any change in their studied
character ;’.no to count the numb er- of these ab no r-riaLf t Ie r: and
se~)Ci.trlyu uar-ve stec after bagr;inr;.
In the M
3
, the seeds of the mutated M2 plants were sown in separate
row to insure that changed forms and to find out, if there
be’
are some type mutation types which may/exelent in later gene~ations
than M~. The results obtained during the first, the second
and the third generations could be summarized as follows:
A- First mutagenic generation (MI)
1- Growth characters in the Ml, such as)plant height, total blades
area/plant, fresh and dry weight of blades/plant, fresh and
dry !eight of stem + sheathes/plant and forage yield/Feddan
at 70 days from sowing were favourably affected by lower doses
of gamma-rays, i.e. 5,10, and 20 Kr. While higher dose 1.e.30
Kr decreased most of these characters.
2- Concentration of EA i.e. 0.2 and 0.3 % significantly increased
most of growth character and forage yield/Feddan than
the control or other treatments, at 70 days from sowing.
3- At harvest, 20 Kr of gamma-rays significantly increased, mean
values of most growth attributs and forage yield per Feddan
than the control or other treatments.
4- The survival mature plants of M1 were found to decrease with
increasing doses of gamma-ray of concentrations of EA.
5- All mutagenic treatments used in this investigation, not signi-
~
ficantly increased number of heads per plant except of gamma- ,-
rays 10 Kr and combination of gamma-rays 20 Kr + EA 0.2 %.
6- The combined treatment of (gamma-rays 20 Kr + EA 0.2%) gave
the highest number of grains per main head, but without significant
difference from gamma-ray 10 Kr or combined of Y-ray
30 Kr + EA 0.1 %.
7- Single treatments of 0.4 % EA, combined traetments of 20 Kr
of y-rays + EA 0.3 %” and 30 Kr of gamma-ray + EA 0.3 %
significantly increased the mean values of 1000-grain weight
than the control or other treatmen~s.
8- Combined treatments between 20 Kr of gamma-rays and each of
0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 % of EA gave the highest grain yield/Feddan
but without significant differences compared with control
treatments.
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B- Mutation induced in M2 generation
9- There were no chlorophyll mutation types observed in M1
generation after all the different mutagenic treatments. They
were only found in seedling stage of M2-generation.
10- Frequency of chlorophyll mutations increased by increasing
radiation dose of gamma-rays from 0.0 to 30 Kr. Moreover, it
increased by increasing concentration of EA from 0.0 to 0.3%.
The highest concentration of EA (0.4%) decreased the percentage
of mutated plants.
11- Combination between gamma-ray doses and EA concentrations gave
lower percentages of mutated families and plants with chlorophyll
deficiencies than the same dose of gamma-ray or EA concentration
when it was used alone. The same trend was obtained
from morphological and physiological mutation type or total
mutation type (chlorophyll + morphological and physiological
mutation).
12- The types of chlorophyll mutation obtained in this study were
albina, xantha, viridis, tigrina and maculata. The ,more frequent
types were maculata and viridis, they counted by 73.91
and 75.0 % from sum chlorophyll mutation induced by gamma-ray
and EA, respectively. While, the more frequent type were
maculata and xantha types, they counted by 76.92 % from SUD
chlorophyll mutations induced by combined treatments.
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13- Types of morphological and physiological mu~ations obtained
in this study were partial steril~,earlY heading, high yield-
Lng , root mutant, compact pani.c Ie, brown-red grain colour, and
abnormal head shape. The partial sterile type was the more
.
frequent one of mutated families between the seven types screened
in all mutagenic treatments. Root mutant took the second
place followed by early maturity, early maturity took the
second place. followed by brown-rad grain types, and high yielding
took the second place followed by compact .panicl mutant
types, after Y-irradiation, EA and combination treatments,
respectively.
14- For forage yield, the mutation types i., e. root, high yielding
and brown-red grains in the M2
S’J,r passed their parental variety
Giza 1 in both fresh ’leaves and stems per plant revealing
that the posibility of utlization of these mutation types for
production of forage yield per area.
15- In t1
2
, mutant type of root showed an increase number of heads
per plant than parental Giza 1 variety by 36.43 %. While, the
grain weight per-head of this type not significant decrease
than the control. Also, mutant type of high yielding showed
an increase in grain weight per head than parental variety to
about 88.85 %.
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c- M3-generation:
16- .In the H
3
, the same results were obtained from both mutant
types i.e. root and high yielding, which increased forage
and grain yield than parental variety to about 84.47 % and
21.00 %, and 29.61 and 104.41 %, respectively.