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Abstract SUMMARY EFFECT OF SOURCES AND LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON YIELD AND MICRO - NUTRIENTS CONTENT OF WHEAT PLANTS. Two field experiments were performed at the experimental Research Center of Moshtohor Faculty of Agriculture , Zagazig University (Banha Branch), during 1994/1995 and 1995/1996 winter seasons to investigate the effect of sources and levels of nitrogen, phosphorus on yield and Micro- nutrients content of wheat plants. The soil was clay in texture; alluvial with a PH value of 8.17 % and 2.3% orgamc matter. The preceding summer crop was cotton in both seasons . Wheat variety Sakha 69”was sown on 3th and 6th December in the first and second seasons, respectively . Phosphorus fertilizer was applied with sowing, while nitrogen fertilizer applied after 4Sdays from sowing. The experimental design was a strip-plot with four replications. . The experimental treatments A- Sources and levels of nitrogen fertilizer 1- un fertilized treatment (control) 2- 30 kg N/fed Ca(No3n 3- 30 kg N/fed (N1I4)2 S04 4-30 kg N/fed urea 5- 60 kg N/fed Ca(No3n 6- 60 kg N/fed (NH4h S04 120 7-60 kg N/fed Urea B-Sources and levels of phosphorus fertilizer 1-un fertilized treatment 2- 16 kg P20s/fed 3- 16 kg P20s/fed 4- 32 kg P20s/fed Super phosphate Triple phosphate super phosphate Triple phosphate Data for the following trails were recorded 1- Growth characters : taken three samples(l/16 m 2 )at 75, 105 days from sowing and at harvest, we recorded, no . of tillers 1m2 , dry weight of leaves 1m2 , dry weight of tillers/m’ , no. of spikes/m’at 105 days from sowing, dry weight of spikes Im2,percentages ofN,P, K, Ca , Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu in leaves and tillers at 7S and 105 days from sowing were determined. Il- At Harvest :Plant height no. of stems/m2 , no. of spikes 1m 2 , spike length and weight of spike, weight of grains Ispike, 1000 grains weight, grains straw and biological yields Ifed , Harvest index %. ill- Chemical analysis Grains content from N,P,K,C~ Fe,Mn,In,Cu at harvest. Leaves content from N,P,K,C~ Mg,Fe,Mn,In,Cu at harvest. Stem content from N,P,K,c~g,Fe,Mn,In,Cu at harvest. 121 The results could be summarized as following: I~growthcharacters: 1- Plant height, nitrogen treatments increased plants height significantly compared with control treatment. 2- Applying sources and levels of nitrogen increased significantly no. of tillers at 75, 105 days from sowing, but phosphate fertilizer and the interaction had non significant effect on the no. of tillers 1m 2 in the two seasons (combined analysis. 3- Applying sources and levels of nitrogen caused to increase significantly in dry weight of leaves compared with control. The best treatment was 60 kg N/fed as Urea, but phosphorus fertilizers was non significant effect on dry weight of leaves at 75 and 105 days from sowing and at harvest. 4- Sources and levels increased significantly dry weight of tillers 1m 2 by applying sources and leaves of nitrogen at different stages compared with the control. The best treatments were 30 kg N/fed as calcium nitrate and 60 kg N/fed as Urea. Phosphorus fertilizer had significant effect on the first stage at 75 days from sowing which increased the dry weight of tillers 1m2 , the best treatment was 16 KgP20s/fed as Triple phosphate , Also it is the best treatment in the second stage at 105 days from sowing to increase the dry. weight of tillers. 5- Applying sources and levels of nitrogen caused to increased significantly the number of spikes 1m2 at 105 days from sowing compared with control, the best treatment was 60 kg N/fed of Urea 122 or ammonium sulphate The interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers significantly affect No. of spikes/m’’. The best treatment was 60 kg N/fed as Urea + 16 kg/fed as Triple superphosphate. 6- Dry weight of spikes 1m2 increased significantly by applying sources and levels of nitrogen at 105 days from sowing and at harvest. the best treatment was 60 kg N/fed as ammonium sulfate. Also the interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers affect in significantly dry weight of spikes/m’ at 105 days increased dry weight of spikes 1m2 . The best treatment was 60 kg N/fed as ammonium sulfate +16 kg P20s/fed as Triple phosphate . II Yield Components: 1- Spike length increased significantly by applying sources and levels of nitrogen fertilizer compared with control, the best treatment were 60 kg N/fed as ammonium sulfate followed by 30 kg N/fed as calcium nitrate. But phosphorus fertilizer and the interaction between nitrogen X phosphorous had non significant effect on spike length. 2- Applying sources and levels of nitrogen caused to increase significantly No. of stems 1m2 compared the control, 60 kg N/fed as Urea surpassed all treatments, also 60 kg N/fed as ammonium sulfate. phosphate fertilizer and the interaction increased number of stems/m’ but did not reach the significance of 5% level. 3- Number of spikes 1m2 increased significantly by applying sources and levels of nitrogen fertilizer ,the best treatment which gave a 123 large number of spikes/m’ was 60 kg N/fed as Urea followed by ammonium sulfate treatment . Phosphorus fertilizer had non significant effect on number of spikes. 4- Sources and levels of nitrogen affected and increased significantly weight of spikes 1m2 compared with control, the best treatments was 60 kg N/fed as Urea followed ammonium sulfate treatment which increased weight of spikes/m’ by 22% , 21% , respectively. Phosphorus fertilizer increased significantly weight of spikes 1m 2 and the best treatments 16, 32 kg P20Jfed as Triple phosphate, 5- Weight of grains Ispike increased significantly by applying sources and levels of nitrogen compared with control treatment, the best treatment surpassed 60kg N/fed as urea gaving the highest weight of grains Ispike. Also phosphorus fertilizers increased significantly weight of grains Ispike , the best treatment were 32, 16 kg P20y’fed as Triple phosphate . 6- 1000 grains weight increased significantly by applying sources and levels of nitrogen compared with control, the best treatments gave highest 1000 grains weight was 60 kg N/fed as urea or ammonium sulfate. Also phosphatic fertilizer affect significantly 1000 grains weight , the best treatment was 16 kg P20s/fed as triple superphosphate gave highest 1000 grains weight. The interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers was significantly affect 1000 grain weight, the best treatments were 60 kg N/fedas urea + 16 kg P20s/fed as Triple phosphate . III-Yield: 1~Applying sources and levels of nitrogen fertilizers caused to increase significantly the grain yield ~the best treatments 60 and 30 kg N/fed as urea gave 2933.1 and 2880.4 kg/fed, respectively. Phosphorus fertilization and interaction had non significantly between NXP effect on grain Yield. 2- Straw yield affected significantly by applying sources and levels of nitrogen compared with control ~the best treatment which gave the highest straw yield was 60 kg N/fed as ammonium sulfate or urea. Phosphorus fertilizer significantly increased straw Yield but not reaches the significance level and the best treatment was 32 kg P20s/fed as Triple superphosphate . Also the interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers increased straw yield but non significant and the best treatment was 60 kg N/fed urea + 32 kg P20s/fed as Triple phosphate . 3- The biological yield was affected with applying sources and levels of nitrogen compared with control, the best treatment was 60 kg N/fed as urea, Phosphorus fertilizer and the interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were non significant . 4- Sources and levels of nitrogen significantly affected the Harvest index %~the best treatment was 30 kg N/fed as ammonium sulfate or urea. IV Chemical analysis I-Applying sources and levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and the interaction between them caused to affected significantly the 125 grams content of macro and micro- nutrients i.e: nitrogen, phosphorus , potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Manganese, Zinc, cooper. 2- Applying sources and levels of nitrogen affected the plants content from macro and micro -nutrients, the best source which increased plant content was different at 75, 105 days stage and at harvest. At 75, 105 days stage the source of ammonium sulfate at 30 or 60 kg N Ifed , but at harvest urea or ammonium sulfate 60 kg N Ifed were the best sources and level to increase plants nutrients content. 3- Applying different sources and levels of phosphorus fertilizer caused to increase macro nutrients N, p , Ca, Mg, but potassium content was decreased . Also phosphorus fertilizer decreased plant content from micro- nutrients Fe, Mn, Zn ,Cu. |