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Abstract SUMMARY YIELD AND QUALI OF FLAX AS AFFECTED BY VARIETY AND SOME ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Flax ( Linum usitatissi um L.) ranked second in relation to fiber crops in Egypt after cotton were it is grown as a dual purpose crop (fiber and seed). Efforts are aid to increase flax production through increasing the yield rather th through extending flax area. Also, the agricultural policy is intending to improve the technological properties of fibers and seeds through e introduction and breeding of new varieties, characterized by high ielding potentiality. that the productivity of any variety is the result or outcome of th interaction between the genetical constitution and environmental conditions. For that, flax should by grown under suitable environm ntaJ conditions to achieve maximum yield and best quality. Therefore, six field expen ents were conducted during 1990/9 I and 1991192 seasons at three ifferent regions i.e., Kafr EI-Sheikh governorate representing North Delta(Sakha Agricultural Research Station.), EI-Gharbia governorate representing Middle Delta (Gernmiza Agricultural Research Station.) dEl-Giza governorate representing North Upper Egypt (Giza Agric tural Research Station.) to evaluate twelve flax genotypes including e four commercial varieties namely, Giza 7, Giza 5, S.l19/2, S. 3/4, S.282/371I4/8, 5.402/3/3/5, Giza 8, Giza 6, 5.2465/1, S.2651/2, .281120912/2 and 5.329/5/3. 120 The recommended c tural practices for growing flax were followed. A complete rando ’zed blocks design with four replications in each region was used . An ysis of variance for each season in each environment was followed d a combined analysis over the three regions as well as over both s asons was done. Results could be summarize as follows: 1. Results indicated t at genotypes under study significantly • differed in relation 0 straw yield and its related characters. Giza 7 variety wa significantly superior over the other genotypes regardin total length, technical length, straw yield per plant, stra yield per faddan as well as fiber yield per faddan. While, 2465/1 significantly surpassed the other genotypes in main st m diameter. 2. The three locations differed significantly concerning straw yield and its co ponents. Kafr·EI-Sheikh governorate favourably affected straw yield and its components as compared- with EI-O bia and El-Giza governorates. Also, EI-G ia was better than EI-Giza for and fiber yields. 3. Results revealed th the climatic conditions during the first season (1990/91) ere more favourable than those in the second one (1991/9 ) in affecting all characters under study. The differences wer significant between the two seasons in all characters. 4. Results showed that genotype X environment had significant effect on total stem ength, technical length, stem diameter, straw yield/plant, str w yield/fad. and fiber yield/fad. Also geno X season, significantly affected technical length, ste diameter, straw yield/plant and fiber yield/fad. Environment and season interaction significantly affected technical ltgth, stem diameter, straw yield/plant, straw yield/fad. and *ber yield/fad. The second order interaction significantly affected technical length, stem diameter and straw yield/plant. 5. There were significant differences among genotypes under study in relation to s . d yield and its related characters. Giza 8 variety ranked first regarding nwnber of capsules 1 plant , seed yield/plant, s ed index, seed yield/fad. and oil yield/fad., followed by Giza 7 variety with the same characters except seed index where, S.329/5/3 ranked second after Giza 8 variety. 6. Results indicated s gnificant differences among the three locations in relation to seed yield and its related characters. Sakha location in afr-El-Sheikh governorate ranked first for seed yield and i related characters. While EI-Gemmiza location in EI-Ghar ia governorate ranked second in relation to seed yield/plant d seed index and El-Giza governorate ranked second cone ruing number of capsules/plant and seed yield per fad. 7. The climatic condi ons during 1990/91 season were more suitable than those’ 1991/92 season in affecting seed yield and its componen s. The differences between the two seasons were signifi ant in all characters except seed index. 8. The interaction etween genotype and environment significantly affect number of capsules per plant, seed yield per plant, se d yield per faddan and oil yield per faddan. Also, geno e X season significantly affected seed yield per plant. Environment X season had a significant effect on number of capsules per plant, seed yield per faddan and oil yield per faddan. The second order interaction significantly affected seed yield per fad, hereas other seed characters were not significantlyaffecte 9. Genotypes under s dy significantly differed with regard to technological chara ters. Giza 7 variety was significantly superior to the ot er genotypes in each of long fiber percentage, fiber Ie gth, fiber strength and fiber fineness. While, Giza 8 v iety ranked first in relation to oil percentage. On the other hand, Giza 6 variety ranked first for iodine value foIl wed by Giza 5 and Giza 8 . 10. Sakha location in afr-EI-Sheikh governorate ranked first concerning long fib percentage, fiber length, oil percentage and iodine value. ereas EI-Gemmiza location in El- Gharbia governorateranked first for fiber strength. 11. Results indicated at the climatic conditions of the first season (1990/91) ere more favourable than those in the second one (1991/9 ) in affecting technological characters under study except ber strength where the second season conditionsfavourabl 12. The interaction be een genotype and environment as well as environment d season significantly affected all technological charac ers, namely, long fiber percentage.fiber length, fiber , fiber fineness, oil percentage and iodinevalue. Genotype X se on significantly affected fiber length, fiber fineness and oil percentage. Length, strength, fineness of fiber as well as oil percentage were si .ficantly affected by the second order interaction. 13. Genotypes S.24651, Giza 8, Giza 7, S.2465/l, 8.281/209/2/2, S.ll9 2, Giza 7 ranked first in relation to total cross section, c rtex, fiber, xylem, pith, fiber bundle areas and fiber index, espectively. 14. Genotypes Giza 8, 7, 5.2465/1 and Giza 8 were significantly superior over the rest genotypes concerning cortex percentage of ortex 1 cross section, percentage of fiber 1 cross sect on, percentage of xylem Icross section.percentage of ith / cross section, respectively. 15. Results indicated that Giza 7 variety ranked first regarding number of fiber bundles / cross section, number of fiber cells / bundle, whereas S.2465/l ranked first with regard to fiber cell area. 16. from the foregoing esults it could be concluded that for producing the highes yield of straw with the best quality of fibers, it is recomm nded to grow Giza 7 flax variety in Kafr-EI-Sheikh gove orate and the neighboring regions and to grow Giza 8 flax ariety to get the highest yield of seed and oil in the same re ions. |