الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the different modalities of surgical treatments of renal stones.also,we aim at standardized treatment strategies for most clinical situations and this for the entire spectrum of renal stone disease so, we can present the dust modality for a given situation. moreover, to share our experience with the experience of the others in order to improve further studies that must and will be undertaken. we believe that the knowledge and experience that have accumulated in the studies on comparison of different treatment modalities of renal stones are important only for future studies but also for the development of medical technology assessment in health policy making general.
1- Because of known sew s low morbidity, strong patient endorsement, wide applicability, and because of the higher degree of physician s skill
2- We realized that not all stone patients are ideal candidates for shock wave lithotripsy. Larger or complex renal calculi as well as unusual renal
3- If we are going to use stone free status as the determinant of successful treatment, shock wave lithotripsy immunotherapy for the treatment of these complex stone patients become very low.
4- Shock wave lithotripsy has come a long way since the first patient was treated in 1980.newer generation lithotripters offer improved patientsafty,
5- Eswl may be the procedures of choice for most stones less than 2 cm in diameter because its success rate is higher than larger stones
6- We fined the litho star device to be effective, safe (minimal if any anaesthesia) and user friendly (fluoroscopy guided).also, downier mol 9000 is a good achievement in the treatment of renal calculi that proved to be safe, non invasive and of satisfactory end results.