الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out at the Agriculture Research Farm, at El-Kowthar site, Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, in both seasons of 2004/2005 and 2005/2006. The experiments aimed to investigate the response of three durum wheat (Triticum durum, Desf.). Varieties to nitrogen fertilization (mineral and organic fertilization) in newly reclaimed soils of Sohag Governorate
The study included 27 treatments, which were the combinations of nine nitrogen fertilization treatments and three durum wheat varieties:
A randomized complete block design in split-plot with four replicates was used. Nitrogen fertilization (mineral and organic) was arranged randomly in the main plots, varieties were allocated randomly in the sub–plots. The experimental plot area was 9.6 m2 (4.0 m length and 2.4 m width), consisting of 12 rows with 20 cm apart between them.
A. Growth characters:
1. Number of tillers/m2.
The effect of nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) and varieties on number of tillers/m2 was significantly at the two ages in both seasons. Number of tillers/m2 at 90 and 105 ages increased with increasing mineral nitrogen ratio and decreasing the ratio of organic nitrogen forms in both seasons. Using 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral gave the greatest values of number of tillers/m2 at all studied ages in both seasons.
The highest values of number of tillers/m2 produced with Sohag-3 variety followed by Beni-Suef-3 while Beni-Suef-1 variety came in the last of rank in all ages in both seasons.
The interaction between nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) x varieties on number of tillers/m2 at 90 and 105 days from sowing was significantly in both seasons.
A. 2. Plant height (cm.).
Nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) and varieties had a significant effect on plant height at the two ages in both seasons. Using 25% org. cattle + 75% mineral nitrogen produced the greatest values. The highest values of plant height (cm) produced with Sohag-3 variety.
The interaction effect between nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) x varieties on plant height at 90 and 105 days was significantly in both seasons. Using 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral with Sohag-3 variety gave the greatest values at all ages in both seasons.
A. 3. Number of green leaves/plant.
Nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) and varieties had insignificant effect on number of green leaves/plant at 90 days age in both seasons, while at 105 days age was significantly in both season, using 25% org. cattle + 75% mineral nitrogen gave the highest values in both seasons.
At these mentioned ages the highest values of number of green leaves/plant produced with Sohag-3 variety.
Number of green leaves/plant at 90 and 105 days age was not significant by the effect of interaction in both seasons.
A. 4. Flag leaf area (cm2).
Nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) and varieties had significant effect on flag leaf area at 90 days age in both seasons. Using 25% org cattle + 75% mineral nitrogen gave the greatest values of flag leaf area cm2. in both seasons,
The highest values of flag leaf area produced with Sohag-3 variety.
The interaction effect between nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) x varieties on flag leaf area was significantly in both seasons. Using 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral with Sohag-3 variety gave the greatest value in both seasons.
A. 5. Dry matter g/m2.
The effect of nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) and varieties on dry mater g/m2 was significantly at all studied ages in both seasons.
The highest values of dry matter produced by fertilized Sohag-3 variety by 25% organic cattel + 75% mineral.
The interactions effect between nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) x varieties was significantly in the first and second seasons except, 105 days in the second season.
B. Yield and yield components.
B. 1. Number of tillers/m2.
Effect of nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) and varieties on number of tillers/m2 was significantly in both seasons. Using 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral gave the greatest number of tillers. The highest values of number of tillers/m2 produced with Sohag-3 variety.
The interaction between nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) x varieties on number of tillers/m2 at harvest was significantly in both seasons.
B. 2. Plant height (cm.).
The effect of nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) and varieties had a significant effect on plant height (cm) in both seasons. Using 25%. Cattle + 75% mineral nitrogen gave the tallest plants. The shortest plants were produced when using 100% org. sheep in both seasons.
The highest values of plant height produced with Sohag-3 variety in both seasons.
The interaction effect between nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) x varieties on plant height (cm) at harvest was significantly in both seasons.
B. 3. Number of spikes/m2.
The effect of nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) and varieties significantly effected on number of spikes/m2 in both seasons. Using 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral nitrogen gave the maximum number of spikes/m2 which were 334.33 and 347.33 in both seasons, respectively, followed by using 50% organic cattle + 50% mineral nitrogen. Sohag-3 variety produced greatest number of spikes/m2 in both seasons.
That the effect of interaction between nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) x varieties was significantly in both seasons. Using 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral with Sohag-3 variety produced the greatest values.
B. 4. Spike length (cm.).
Nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) and varieties had a significant effect on spike length (cm) in both seasons. Using 25% org cattle + 75 % mineral nitrogen gave the tallest spikes followed by 50% organic cattle + 50% mineral nitrogen in both seasons, while wheras 100% mineral nitrogen came in the third of rank. Sohag-3 variety were produced the long spikes, Beni-Suef-3 variety came in the second of rank and Beni-Suef-1 gave the shortest spikes in both seasons.
The effect of interaction between nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) x varieties was significant. Using 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral nitrogen with Sohag-3 variety gave the greatest values in the first and second seasons.
B. 5 Number of grains/spike.
The effect of nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) and varieties on number of grains/spike was significant in both seasons. Number of grains/spike increased significantly with increasing the ratio of mineral nitrogen fertilization up to 75%. The highest values were produced when using 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral nitrogen. Sohag-3 varieties was surpassed Beni-Suef-3 and Beni-Suef-1 on number of grains/spike in both seasons.
The interaction effect between nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) x varieties, on number of grains/spike was significant in both seasons. The maximum values, i.e., 39.75 and 40.75 were obtained by 25%organic cattle + 75% mineral nitrogen in both seasons, respectively.
B. 6 Grain weight of spike (g.).
Nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) and varieties on number of grain weight of spike (g) was significant in both seasons. Grain weights of spike (g) were increased with increasing the ratio of mineral nitrogen up to up to 75% in both seasons. 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral nitrogen produced the heaviest grain weight of spike (g) in both seasons. Sohag-3 variety gave the heaviest weights in both seasons.
The effect of interaction between nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) x varieties, on grain weight/spike (g) was significant in both seasons, the greatest values, i.e., 3.10 and 3.30 (g) were obtained by 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral with Sohag-3 variety.
B. 7 Weight of 1000-grain (g).
The effect of nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) and varieties on weight of 1000-grain (g) were significant in both seasons. fertilized by 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral nitrogen produced the heaviest weight of 1000-grains (g). which were 50.10 and 51.33 in both seasons, respectively.
Sohag-3 variety gave the heaviest weights. Beni-Suef-3 came in the second of rank. Whereas Beni-Suef-1 came in the last of rank with lowest weights in both seasons.
The effect of interaction between nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) x varieties, on weight of 1000-grain (g) was significant in both seasons, the greatest values, i.e., 52.01 and 54.01 was obtained by 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral with Sohag-3 variety in both seasons.
B. 8 Biological yield (ton/fed).
The effect of nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) and varieties on biological yield (ton/fed.) was significant in both seasons. biological yield (ton/fed.) were increased with increasing the ratio of mineral nitrogen up to 75% in both seasons. using 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral nitrogen produced the heaviest biological yield (ton/fed.)
Sohag-3 variety gave the heaviest weights which were 6.05 and 6.31 (ton/fed.) in both seasons, respectively.
The effect of interaction between nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) x varieties, on biological yield (ton/fed) were significant in both seasons, the greatest values, i.e., 7.75 and 7.95 (ton/fed) were obtained by 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral nitrogen with Sohag-3 variety.
B. 9 Grain yield (ardab/fed.).
The effect of nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) and varieties was significant on grain yield (ardab/fed.) in both seasons. With increased the ratio of mineral nitrogen grain yield (ardab/fed.) were increased up to 75% mineral nitrogen using 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral nitrogen gave the highest values of grain yield which were 15.83 and 16.17 (ardab/fed.) in both seasons. Sohag-3 variety were supper passed the other two variety on grain yield (ardab/fed.) with values of 13.93 and 14.40 in the first and second seasons, respectively.
The interaction between nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) x varieties, on grain (ardab/fed.) was significantly effect in both seasons, the maximum values, i.e., 18.53 and 18.86 were obtained by 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral nitrogen with Sohag-3 variety.
B. 10 Straw yield (ton/fed.).
The effect of nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) and varieties on straw yield was significant in both seasons. The highest values were produced when using 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral nitrogen. Sohag-3 variety gave the heaviest weights which were 3.96 and 4.17 (ton/fed.) in both seasons, respectively.
C. Proteins yield (kg/fed.).
Nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) significantly effected on proteins yield (kg/fed.) in both seasons. Using 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral nitrogen gave the highest values of proteins yield, Sohag-3 variety were supper passed the other two variety on protein yield with values of 309.64 and 323.21 in the first and second seasons, respectively.
The interaction between effect nitrogen fertilization (organic and mineral) x varieties, was significantly effect in both seasons, the maximum values were obtained by 25% organic cattle + 75% mineral nitrogen with Sohag-3 variety.
Conclusion
Finally, the results indicated that the using 25% organic cattel + 75% mineral nitrogen with Sohag-3 variety gave the highest grain yield especially in Upper Egypt.