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Abstract
The main propose of the present study was to evaluate the role of some amino acids namely L-lysine, L-arginine, L-glutamine and taurine versus bisphosphonate in the management of osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The current study included fourteen groups of female Sprague Dawley rats which were classified as gonad intact control group and thirteen ovariectomized groups: one ovariectomized group orally administered with saline as vehicle, another ovariectomized group orally administered with 10% lactose, Eight ovariectomized groups orally administered with each amino acid dissolved in saline in one group and in 10% lactose in the other group, two ovariectomized groups orally administered with the mixture of the four amino acids dissolved in saline and 10% lactose respectively. The last ovariectomized group orally administered with bisphosphonate as a reference drug for comparison. The treatment was started after 3 months of ovariectomy and continued for other 3 months. Serum calcium (Ca), phosphours (P), parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OC) levels, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamine D3, and bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) activity were determined. Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) levels were also estimated. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content BMC) of right femur bone of each rat were measured using DEXA technique. Also, histological investigation of the bone section of left femur of each rat was carried out. The obtained data revealed that ovariectomy could decrease serum Ca, P, Oc, 1,25 (oH)2 D3, BAP, IGF-1 and TGF-β levels whereas, it could increase serum PTH level. DEXA results revealed that ovariectomy decreased BMD and BMC of the proximal, distal and mid areas of rat femur bone. These results were well documented by bone histological examination the selected amino acids individually or in combination could improve all the studies bone biochemical markers significantly. DEXA results also showed that treatment with these amino acids could increase both BMD and BMC of rat femur bone in almost areas. The photomicrogrophs of femur bone sections of rats treated with the selected amino acids supported the present improvement in bone biomarkers. In conclusion, each of the selected amino acids exhibited antiosteoporotic effects due to the anabolic and/or antiresorptive activity. The combination of the studied amino acids produced more pronounced effect on bone via synergistic mechanism. These encouraging results provide new concepts for the development of effective opportunities in the treatment of primary osteoporosis.
Key words: Osteoporosis, L-lysine, L-arginine, L-glutamine, taurine, bone biomarkers, bone mineralization.