الفهرس 
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Abstract
Field application of in-situ combustion process depends upon the
laboratory combustion experiments. This study tackles some of the
laboratory investigations conducted to obtain data to evaluate the
oxygen enriched in-situ combustion as a method of producing heavy crude
oils from some Egyptian heavy crude oil reservoirs such as 8elayim-Land
and West-8akr.
Laboratory data needed to evaluate the process include: the amount
of fuel concentration per unit bulk volume of sand, oxygen to fuel
ratio, oil produced, oil consumed as a fuel, combustion temperature
distribution, comparison between the characteristics of fluids before
and after test, minimum crude oil saturation, activation energy and heat
transfer modelling.
Preliminary screening and laboratory tests indicated that both of
Belayim-Land and West-8akr crude oils are good candidates for in-situ
combustion process.
Heavy crude oil recovery by using enriched
oxygen
in-situ
combustion has been investigated in terms of
different values of
surface area ranging from 160 to
2
cm /gm.
The experiments were
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carried out in a combustion tube 8.89 cm in diameter and 65 cm long. All
experimental runs were made using 100 percent clean unconsolidated sand.
One experiment was carried out also on a porous medium having a weight
mixture of 95 % sand and 5 % bentonite. Sand packs were prepared with
oil saturation of 89.3 %, gas saturation 10.7 % and no water saturation
was used.
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The experimental results showed conclusively that the produced oil
gravity increases gradually during the combustion process. The average
°
14.25 API,
with an
gravity of
the
produced
oil was approximatly
increase of 2.25°API over the original gravity. This study showed also
that, the viscosity of produced oil decreases to about one-third of the
original crude oil. In addition, the crude oil recovery increases
linearly with permeability of the sand used. An important result was
that, measurements of the heat of combustion of crude oil by bomb
calorimeter indicated that, the minimum oil saturation required to
sustain the combustion process was about 37.45 % . Below this value the
in-situ combustion process is not adequate to be applied in EOR.
It is recommended to combine the obtained data with field data and
the measured volumetric sweep efficency to predict the performance of
in-situ combuston process in a particular reservoir.
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